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PL
Artykuł analizuje tematykę polityki zagranicznej Republiki Indii na początku XXI wieku, zestawiając strategię dyplomacji rządów Kongresu w wydaniu premiera Manmohana Singha oraz Indyjskiej Partii Ludowej (BJP) z jej liderem, Narendrą Modim, który stanął na czele rządu w połowie 2014 roku. O ile w pierwszym przypadku analiza bazuje na okresie dwóch zakończonych kadencji koalicji Kongresu, o tyle w drugim przedstawia możliwe warianty realizacji polityki zagranicznej w ciągu najbliższej pięciolatki. Istotnym wątkiem tekstu jest problematyka tradycyjnej koncepcji nehruwiańskiej w kontaktach New Delhi z partnerami zagranicznymi, która dopiero od dekady ulega zasadniczym modyfikacjom w kierunku klasycznej „Realpolitik”. Prezentacja głównych założeń i szans implementacji obecnej strategii pozwala na sformułowanie tezy, że indyjska dyplomacja przechodzi ze stadium reaktywności (gra „pionami czarnymi na globalnej szachownicy”) do coraz większej aktywności i asertywności w stosunkach międzynarodowych (gra „pionami białymi”). Wielopoziomowa dyplomacja staje się jednym z podstawowych instrumentów budowania pozycji mocarstwowej Indii w perspektywie dwóch-trzech dekad obecnego stulecia.
EN
The articles provides an account of the foreign policy of the Republic of India at the beginning of the 21st century by comparing the diplomacy strategy adopted by the Congress, best represented by the actions of Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister of India, on the one hand, and that of the Indian People’s Party, with its leader, Narenda Modi, who became the head of the Hindu government in mid-2014, on the other hand. While in the first case the analysis has been based on the period of two completed terms of office of the Congress coalition, while in the second case possible alternatives of the fulfillment of the foreign policy in the five years to come have been outlined. One of the topics discussed in this work is the role of the traditional Nehruvian concepts in New Delhi’s contacts with foreign partners which has only in the last decade become subject of considerable modifications towards the classical “Realpolitik.” The undertaken presentation of the main assumptions and of the chances for the implementation of the current strategy has resulted in the formulation of the thesis that the Indian diplomacy is undertaking a transformation from the stage of responsiveness (playing with black pawns on the global chessboard) to the one of an ever growing activity and assertiveness in international relations (playing with white pawns on the global chessboard). Multi-faceted diplomacy has become one of the country’s key tools of establishing its great-power position to be further used in the next two, three decades.
EN
The Independence Day speech is a very special point in the political calendar of India—it provides an insight into the current needs, aspirations and worries of the Indian electorate. Political speech—especially in Indian political culture—definitely cannot be considered merely as the recitations, remarks or postulates of a leader. It is a multi-modal performance with no priority attached to its verbal aspects. The aim of this article is to compare 5 speeches given by Narendra Modi on this occasion between 2013 and 2017. Although N. Modi is widely considered as one of the best orators in contemporary India, not all of those addresses were acclaimed by the audience, even if they were quite similar from the point of view of linguistic structure and composition. What varied greatly was the context in which each of those speeches was given. Looking deeper into the setting of a performance is one of the postulates of the anthropology of word—considered to be a very promising methodology for research on political speech.
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