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Status prawny Służby Parku Narodowego

100%

Karpiuk M.

Zeszyty Naukowe KUL

2018

vol. 61

issue 1

233-244

Preservation, sustainable use and the restoration of resources, natural monuments and the elements of nature are one of the components creating the sphere of ecological security seen from the perspective of nature preservation. Within this system, there should be distinguished nature preservation services which are entrusted competences and tasks in that field. The National Park Service performs nature preservation tasks in national parks. Those entrusted with tasks in the institution of the National Park Service do not perform them on the basis of the service relationship (legal-administrative relation), but on the basis of employment relationship, as they are workers employed on various positions in this structure. Personnel perform activities related to nature preservation, scientific research and educational activities, as well as connected with the protection of the national park property, or preventing crimes and offences in the field of nature preservation.

Zachowanie, zrównoważone użytkowanie oraz odnawianie zasobów, tworów i składników przyrody są jednym z ogniw składających się na sferę bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego postrzeganego poprzez pryzmat ochrony przyrody. W ramach tego systemu wyróżnić należy służby ochrony przyrody, których zadania i kompetencje będą się mieściły w tej przestrzeni. Zadania w zakresie ochrony przyrody na terenie parku narodowego wykonuje Służba Parku Narodowego. Osoby, którym powierza się zadania w ramach instytucji, jaką jest Służba Parku Narodowego, nie realizują ich na podstawie stosunku służbowego (stosunek administracyjnoprawny), a na podstawie stosunku pracy, gdyż są to pracownicy zatrudnieni na poszczególnych stanowiskach w tej strukturze. Pracownicy ci wykonują czynności związane z ochroną przyrody, badaniami naukowymi oraz działalnością edukacyjną, jak również związane z ochroną mienia parku narodowego, czy zwalczaniem przestępstw i wykroczeń w zakresie ochrony przyrody.

Prawne i organizacyjne aspekty ochrony dóbr kulturalnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych

59%

Przyborowska-Klimczak A.

Ochrona Zabytków

1982

issue 1-2

27-35

The article describes legal solutions and organisational structures in the United States in the field of the protection of the cultural property. Legal foundations of the protection are found in numerous normative regulations. Still, of primary importance are laws of 1906, 1935, 1949 and 1966. Next to the laws and regulations at lower levels the United States have a reach treaty practice. Upon their initiative in 1935 the treaty was concluded on the protection of art and scientific institutions as well as monuments of history. After World War II representatives of the United States participating in the works of UNESCO contributed to the elaboration of two conventions (11970 and 1972) on international protection of cultural property. In 1970 America and Mexico signed a treaty on the finding and restoration of stolen archaeological, historic and cultural works, while in 1976 — a multilateral convention of states — members of OPA was adopted with the aim to protect archaeological, historic and art heritage of American nations. An important role in the system of protection determined by norms of the domestic and international law is played by governmental organisations: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution and National Trust for Historic Preservation representing a non-governmental sector. Within this system important functions are played by numerous American museums which have rich collections and specific rules of enriching their collections as well as interesting didactic initiatives. Although only an insignificant part of the state budget is allocated for the preservation of cultural property, problems of their protection bost a high standing in the United States. A further improvement of the system is aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the operation of legal instruments, a bigger responsibility of the Federal Government, state and local authorities for problems of preservation, tightening the links between state-owned and private sectors and finally a fuller interest of the public opinion in these problems.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Zeszyty Naukowe KUL

1 2018

1 1982

1 Karpiuk M.

1 Przyborowska-Klimczak A.

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Status prawny Służby Parku Narodowego

Prawne i organizacyjne aspekty ochrony dóbr kulturalnych w Stanach Zjednoczonych