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1

„Nagie życie” w zakładach dla psychicznie i nerwowo chorych pod rządami nazistów

100%

Gajewska G.

Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

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2014

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issue 10

313-332

PL

The principal hypothesis of our inquiry states that the mechanisms of power and controlling human life, practiced by the Nazis during WW 2, reflected the modern approach to the human defined in the categories of life unworthy of life. The studies conducted hitherto in the context of the above hypothesis focus on the sites which in the wake of commemorating the extermination are treated as symbols of the genocide industry, such as the Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp. In turn, this article aims to investigate the validity of the hypothesis with regards to a site which so far has not been considered in cultural studies – (for example the Hospital for the Mentally Ill “Dziekanka” in Gniezno – in addition, we treat this hospital as the exemplification of the wider ideological, political, economic phenomenon). I wish to show that the phenomena of reducing and destroying human life, which held no value for the authority, was virtually identical regardless of the place where the extermination took place. Thus, we will establish a new point on the map of memory of the victims of Nazi policies, a site where the annihilation was carried out, at the same time demonstrating the particular features associated with that particular space. The “might” of the German authority during World War 2 was founded on tremendous attention to detail; consequently, that which took place in the sites of mass extermination proceeded in much the same way in those places which are now hardly remembered.

2

A Case of Successful Transitional Justice: Fritz Bauer and his Late Recognition in the Federal Republic of Germany

86%

Gortat J.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2017

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vol. 2 (46)

71-84

EN

Germany is an example of a country which has been implementing transitional justice for decades and is still active in this field. What is more, contemporary Germans have recently come to terms with their not-so-distant past and their negligence in this area by showing the falsehood, backwardness, and injustice as negative foundations of the young Federal Republic. This article evokes the person of Fritz Bauer, the prosecutor in the state of Hessen. His struggle for human dignity and the memory of his achievements after his death exemplify an accomplished case of transitional justice and the memory of it. During his lifetime he contributed to bringing to trial numerous Nazi criminals, even at the cost of habitual threats and disregard. Forgotten for a few decades, Bauer and his legacy have been recently rediscovered and studied. Eventually, Bauer became a movie character and was finally brought back to the collective memory of Germans. The belated, but a well-deserved wave of popularity of Fritz Bauer in the German culture memory proves that reflections on the transitional justice are still topical and important.

3

Eugenics on the Periphery: Or Why a ‘Belarusian Eugenic Project’ Did Not Come True (1918–44)

72%

Zamoiski A.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2016

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vol. 114

PL

The interwar period was characterized by the active development of national eugenics projects in Europe. A number of factors contributed to the interest in eugenics and the desire to implement them: the making of new states and consolidation of nations in East Central Europe, the need to overcome the legacy of the Great War and deal with social problems (for example, venereal diseases and prostitution), and the development of scientific and international academic contacts. Belarusian debates on eugenics took place mostly on the periphery of the more developed discourses – those in Russia, Poland, and, later on, in Germany. The Russian scholars in the larger university centres contributed to the development of the Soviet eugenics project, which gained the support of the Soviet authorities. In the first decade of their rule, the Bolsheviks were not against debates on eugenics about how to improve the ‘nature of man’. The Soviet eugenics project, which focused on studying problems of heredity, genetics, and genealogy, was stopped when the authorities placed rigid ideological controls over science. In Soviet Belarus, no academic circle appeared that engaged in the debates on eugenics. The development of the eugenics movement in Poland was closely linked to the formation of the newly established Polish state. After the Great War, the Polish eugenics movement made attempts to integrate itself into the public life of the country. Polish medical doctors contributed to the development of the eugenics movement. During the Second World War, a group of Belarusian nationalists tried to formulate a basis for a Belarusian racial eugenics project, following the main ideas of Nazi ‘racial hygiene’.

4

The Tormentor from Toruń’s Fort VII, Karl Friedrich Strauss, on the Defendant Bench

72%

Grochowina S.

Historia i Polityka

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2019

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issue 28 (35)

111-123

EN

The paper focuses on the trial of Karl Friedrich Strauss, who from the end of October 1939 until January 1940 served as the administrative commandant of Fort VII in Toruń, which hosted an internment camp for civilians (Zivilinternierungslager). Strauss also participated in executions of Poles in the Barbarka forest near Toruń. The Strauss trial was a trial by jury which took place in June 1969 in the West Berlin district of Moabit. The legal proceedings were widely commented on in the pages of the Pomeranian press, and these press articles serve as the main source material for the present paper. The Strauss trial is one of numerous examples of failure of the denazification process in post-war Germany. Although the crimes committed by the former commander of Toruń’s Fort VII were not in any doubt, the leniency of the German judicial system meant that in the end one of the greatest tormentors of those imprisoned in Fort VII escaped justice and was not punished.

5

Literatura rosyjska wobec zagłady sowieckich jeńców wojennych

58%

Morawiec A.

Narracje o Zagładzie

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2020

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issue 6

80-114

EN

The article concerns the motif and theme of Soviet prisoners of war in Russian literature. It presents the most important historical facts, which are the sources of literary approaches, concerning the complicated fate of Soviet POWs during the German-Soviet war (1941‒1945) and after its end. It also shows the political and ideological determinants of the literary image of a prisoner (as a traitor and coward, a resistance fighter in camps and a partisan, victim). The subjects of the analysis are both fictive works and memoirs, among others Mikhail Sholokhov’s The Fate of a Man (Судьба человека), Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (Один день Ивана Денисовича), Vasily Grossman’s Life and fate (Жизнь и судьба), Andrey Pogozhev’s Escape from Auschwitz (Смерть стояла у нас за спиной).

6

Polish Literature and the Extermination of the Soviet Prisoners of War

58%

Morawiec A.

Narracje o Zagładzie

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2020

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issue 6

115-139

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest motyw i temat sowieckich jeńców wojennych w literaturze polskiej. Zaprezentowano w nim fakty historyczne, będące źródłem ujęć literackich, dotycząceskomplikowanego losu sowieckich jeńców podczas wojny niemiecko-sowieckiej (1941–1945) i po jej zakończeniu. Ukazano także polityczne i ideologiczne determinanty literackiego wizerunku jeńca. Przedmiotem analiz są zarówno utwory fikcjonalne, jak i wspomnieniowe, między innymi Chłopiec z Salskich Stepów Igora Newerlego, Zagrycha Seweryny Szmaglewskiej, Anus mundi Wiesława Kielara. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono wierszowi Obóz głodowy pod Jasłem Wisławy Szymborskiej.

EN

The article addresses the motif (and theme) of the Soviet prisoners of war in Polish literature. It presents historical facts which have inspired literary representations ofevents concerning the complex fates of the Soviet POWs both during the German-Soviet war (1941–1945) and after it came to its end. It also offers a discussion on the political and ideological determinants of the literary portrayal of the prisoner of war. Texts subjected to analyses include both works of fiction and memoirs, such as, among others, Igor Newerly’s Chłopiec z Salskich Stepów (The boy from the Steppes of the Sal), Seweryna Szmaglewska’s “Zagrycha” (The snack), or Wiesław Kielar’s Anus Mundi. 1,500 Days in Auschwitz/Birkenau. Particular attention is given to Wisława Szymborska’s poem “The Hunger Camp at Jasło” (“Obóz głodowy pod Jasłem”).

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2 Narracje o Zagładzie

1 Acta Poloniae Historica

1 Historia i Polityka

1 Polish Political Science Yearbook

1 Studia Europaea Gnesnensia

2 2020

1 2019

1 2017

1 2016

1 2014

2 Morawiec A.

1 Gajewska G.

1 Gortat J.