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EN
Excavation below the ancient ground surface of the main courtyard (1) of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos proved its construction to be later than the beginning of the 2nd century AD. A large rectangular basin and a smaller circular one were found under the western part of the courtyard and east of it. The larger basin had two phases, the first phase being more than a meter deeper than the second one. Strata under the floors of corridor A and room B were shown to belong to the Late Classical and incipient Hellenistic periods. Exploration also continued of a cistern in the southeastern part of the courtyard and of a well in the northeastern corner of the corridor. The building sequence of the porticoes in the main courtyard was investigated in a probe dug in the southwestern corner of the court, whereas the relation between the large reception hall with mosaic floor (10) and the so-called Roman House was tested in a trench dug in corridor 29. Further fragments of “Nabatean” capitals and other decorated blocks were found in pits that had been cut in the courtyard surface in antiquity. Finally, minor excavation at the southwestern corner of the House of Aion revealed a sequence of floors against the southern elevation of a building uncovered under the late Roman street B.
EN
The so-called House of Orpheus, explored under the direction of Demetrios Michaelides a few decades ago, has so far been studied only fragmentarily. Since 2018, a new project began whose objective is to complete the studies on the site. To this end, non-invasive fieldworks (at Nea Paphos) are currently performed as well as library and archival research focused on gathering all published and unpublished information on the House. The results of the new documentation made on the site, supplemented with archival data, will enable a virtual, three-dimensional reconstruction of selected architectural units. The collected material will serve to re-define the house’s spaces from a historical perspective. The comprehensive evaluation of the architecture of the House of Orpheus will become an important point of reference in studies on the residential architecture of ancient Cyprus and other regions of the eastern Mediterranean.
EN
This paper deals with public areas in ancient residences. These zones, emphasising the social status of the owners of the houses, are analysed in several large residences erected in the Graeco-Roman Period in Nea Paphos, Cyprus: the ‘Hellenistic’ House, the Villa of Theseus, and the House of Aion. Particularly, the special arrangement of the layout and the architectural decoration of three major public zones were studied: the entrance, the main courtyard, and the main room.
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EN
The aim of this study is to present data on the amphorae and stoppers of Adriatic production coming from Cyprus, in particular from Nea Paphos. Three kinds of wine amphorae, Greco-Italic, Lamboglia 2 and Dressel 6A, closely related to each other due to a common element – a ceramic disk, which they were sealed with – appear in small amounts on sites from the late Hellenistic to the early Roman period. They are also attested at Maloutena in Nea Paphos. Analysis of these imports was carried out in order to define the quantity and variety of the material. The preliminary results were incorporated into the present paper.
EN
This paper presents the results of studies on the ancient terracotta pipelines discovered during excavations conducted since 1965 by the Polish Archaeological Mission of the University of Warsaw in the so-called Maloutena area, the residential district of the Hellenistic-Roman capital of Cyprus, Nea Paphos. The pipelines were examined in terms of the pipe types they were composed of, their construction and maintenance aspects, chronology, function and structural interrelations to recognise the role they played in the water management system of Maloutena and Nea Paphos over time.
EN
This paper presents preliminary observations and analyses of the architecture of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, an ancient residency from Roman times built in Nea Paphos on Cyprus. The House was erected as an extensive edifice around several courtyards of a very interesting architectural frame and rich decoration. Unfortunately, the residence was destroyed by an earthquake and afterwards rebuilt with new edifices, primarily the Villa of Theseus, and as such its remains are in a very poor state. However, the preserved fragments of walls, floors, technical infrastructure as well as pieces of architectural decoration permit the conducting of architectural studies of the residence’s layout, structure and functional arrangement.
EN
Oil lamps as archaeological finds and in museum collections provide a wealth of information. Various types of studies may be applied to investigate their meaning in ancient times. When several methods are used simultaneously, the objects may be interpreted according to distinct aspects, enabling us to study this group of ceramic objects from a multidisciplinary, comprehensive perspective. Such aspects are described in this paper, supplemented by a case study concerning oil lamps from the Agora in Nea Paphos, Cyprus.
EN
The subject of this paper is a reconstruction of the architectural decoration of a façade of the House of Aion in Nea Paphos. During an excavation carried out in 1997 several pieces of decorated architectural elements were uncovered in room 19, among others the fragments of an arch, a lintel, an engaged column, an impost and two consoles. Those blocks served as a base for the reconstruction of the architectural frame of the main gateway. It took the form of a cantilevered, blind arcade of five spans erected above the main gate. Each span consisted of two engaged columns supporting an arch with a shallow niche underneath it, probably for a kind of decorative element. The reconstruction was based on similar architectural details known from the main room of the House of Aion, the Porta Aurea at the palace of Diocletian in Split, and the western façade of the Felix Romuliana Palace in Gamzigrad.
EN
The paper presents a selection of cooking ware pottery excavated in 2014 and 2016 from the fill under the central and eastern parts of the main courtyard (1) of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos–Maloutena. Most of the studied vessels are of early Roman date and, for the most part, Cypriot production, although there is a spattering of imports from the Aegean, Italy, the Levant and Egypt.
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EN
Excavation at the site of the so-called Hellenistic House in Nea Paphos in 2012 and 2013 was focused on the main courtyard (1) and the southern portico (R.3). The architecture collapsed in an earthquake in the 2nd century AD. Blocks and architectural elements formed an oblong tumble extending across the courtyard, apparently already not in their original position save for some entablature blocks of the eastern peristyle, and two acroteria with symbols of Dioskouroi, a pilos with a superimposed star, and at least two column shafts belonging to the southern peristyle. The cistern under the southeastern part of the courtyard had two successive well-heads, one (the later one) uncovered earlier, the other 2.02 m to the northwest, the top of which collapsed into the cistern. The disturbed fill from the courtyard surface included a mold for sling bullets with decoration in the form of a scorpion in relief and fragments of “Nabatean” capitals belonging to a variant showing schematic volutes.
EN
The paper discusses recent studies on the capital of a column found in the western courtyard of the ‘Hellenistic House’ at Nea Paphos in 2008. The capital presents a very specific set of features which allows us to identify it with the architectural decoration in the Nabatean type known from Petra, Egypt and Cyprus. The comparative analysis allowed the author to recognize the capital from the ‘Hellenistic House’ as analogous to the so-called pseudo-Ionic ones, so far known only from Petra. However, this term, suggesting that capitals of that type originated from the Ionic order, seems to be inappropriate due to specific features of the pseudo-Ionic capitals. The paper discuses one of the three recognized so far types of the blocked-out capitals in the ‘Nabatean’ style from the site; the other will be presented in further papers.
EN
In this article the author presents the repertoire of glass vessels found during excavations carried out in the so-called Hellenistic House in Nea Paphos at Cyprus. Field works in this area have been lead by the Polish Mission in the years 1986–1997 and 2007–2009. The paper supplies at first, in a form of a short table an overview of excavation in the Hellenistic House (HH). Next comes a catalogue of diagnostic fragments of glass vessels divided in provisional groups A to N. Attributions to these groups were made in terms of vessels’ shapes, their purpose and the way they were made. Where it proved possible, parallels from other Cypriot archaeological sites and other areas of the Roman Empire were introduced. While researching through the Paphos HH material, the author has not found any possibly unique distinctive feature for glass vessels unearthed on Cyprus: all forms of glass vessels from HH were widespread throughout the whole Mediterranean area under the Roman rule.
EN
Archaeological excavations carried out by a mission from the Jagiellonian University Institute of Archaeology on the site of the agora of Nea Paphos in Cyprus brought to light a lead weight with a Greek inscription giving the year 251 of an era and mentioning an agoranomos with the name Seleukos. On the basis of parallels, the author demonstrates that the weight must have been issued by the North Syrian city of Seleucia in Pieria, and the era used in the inscription is the civic era of Seleucia with the starting point in 109/108 BC, which allows one to date the object to AD 142/143. He argues that the structure where the object was found can tentatively be identified as agoranomeion of Nea Paphos.
EN
Nea Paphos was a vibrant city in Roman Cyprus. Much information about the history and the inhabitants of the urban centre came to light through extensive excavations, which started at the site in the 1960s. The Hellenistic and Roman period has been widely studied and examined, but our knowledge of late Roman Paphos still remains quite modest. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the late Roman phases of occupation, especially of the squatters’ activities in Paphos, through the analysis of stone objects, mainly grinding and milling stones and other worked stone, which are associated with this period.
EN
This paper presents the first preliminary study of cooking wares from the early Roman phase of destruction of the ‘Hellenistic’ House at the Nea Paphos site of Maloutena. The collection of fifteen cooking vessels was discovered in situ in room 22, between and in front of the stone blocks – most probably table supports; another two were found in room 23. The assemblage contains mostly deep, globular pots from Cyprus, but also Italian lids and an orlo bifido pan, as well as two Aegean cooking vessels (one globular pot and one baking dish). The large quantity of cooking pottery allow us to consider a kitchen function for rooms 22 and 23.
EN
This paper presents the wall paintings decorating a number of Hellenistic and Roman tombs, of various architectural types, in Paphos and the region. The paper gathers together for the first time all the known published and unpublished painted tombs of the city, which are studied on the basis of observations made on the actual decoration preserved either in situ or in the laboratory of the Paphos District Museum, and with the use of all pertinent publications. A catalogue of these tombs has been created and this is accompanied by a map with the geographic location of each example. The various themes represented on wall paintings have been divided into groups and are discussed accordingly, while the manufacturing technology of a sample of the wall paintings is examined using both non-contact and analytical tools.
EN
The House of Orpheus at Nea Paphos in Cyprus, a multiphase residential complex excavated a few decades ago, is the subject of an on-going study within the framework of a new project. Recently, the bath suite in the north-eastern part of the house was analysed in detail and this has led to a better understanding of the baths’ layout and technology (such as the water management and heating system), features that confirm the adoption of the western/Italian model, while some of the details remained typical of the Eastern Mediterranean.
EN
Ancient Graeco-Roman architecture was designed with the application of mathematical harmony as a key compositional principle used in planning the dimensions and proportions of particular elements, larger parts of buildings or whole edifices. Therefore, application of metrology studies based on a cosine quantogram supports architectural analysis leading to an indication of the predominant stylistic influence on any particular building. Such a dual approach helps to establish the origins of the major artistic tradition in architectural design, especially of buildings excavated in a complex multicultural archaeological context. The aim of this paper is to determine the existence and nature of a module in the architectural decoration as well as in the general design of the ‘Hellenistic’ House, a spacious residence in Nea Paphos, Cyprus, erected in Roman times, but according to the artistic Ptolemaic tradition.
EN
This paper presents coins unearthed in three separate places at the Villa of Theseus at Nea Paphos (Cyprus). With just a few exceptions they date to the fourth–early fifth centuries AD. Even though only some specimens are precisely identifiable, they deserve presentation since they may suggest termini post quem for the reconstructions and enlargement of the Villa of Theseus. At the same time, the numismatic evidence helps to support the hypothesis that more than one earthquake occurred in the late Roman period at Nea Paphos and caused the destruction of its residences in the whole or in part of the area.
EN
The field research conducted in Paphos in the framework of a joint project of the Université d’Avignon and the University of Warsaw focuses on the southern part of Fabrika hill with the aim to understand its role in the urban life of ancient Nea Paphos. Two seasons of the fieldwork (2018–2019) yielded evidence for the arrangement and chronology of a temple site of the Hellenistic and early Roman period. A preliminary exploration of underground chambers strongly suggests that they may have been a part of the same sacred area as the temple. Moreover, several burials as well as some walls and floors testify to the use of the site during the Byzantine and Medieval period.
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