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1

Rolanda Barthes’a tęsknota za Neutralnym

100%

Niedźwiedzki J.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2014

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issue 4(35)

145-155

XX

The subject of essay Roland Barthes’s longing for Neutrality is explanation of the idea of Le Neutre which is one of the latest Roland Barthes’s seminars. This idea is neutrality as a strategy to refute dualistic schemes which defines our culture. Moreover, this essay discusses the relation between Barthes’s theory and Course in general linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure which was from the beginning the main source of inspiration for author of Mythologies. Finally, it juxtaposes neutrality and literature, as the latter is the privileged domain of the former.

2

A Convincing Finnish Move: Implications for State Identity of Persuading Sweden to Jointly Bid for NATO Membership

86%

Lundqvist S.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

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2022

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vol. 26

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issue 4

73-110

EN

This article examines the consequences for Sweden's state identity by the decision of Finland and Sweden to apply for membership in NATO. Taking its starting point in Sweden's shattering loss of its easternmost provinces in the 1809 Treaty of Fredrikshamn, it explores Sweden's initial formulations of a policy of neutrality and its evolution until the end of the Cold War. The article then directs attention to how Social Democratic leaders managed to institutionalise a Swedish “active foreign policy”, exerting a lasting, formative influence on Sweden's state identity. It also addresses the rapprochement of Finland and Sweden after the end of the Cold War and the consequences of the bilateral dynamics that characterised their EU-membership applications. The article critically discusses how Sweden reformulated its concept of neutrality into a nebulous concept of nonalignment and adopted a security policy rooted in a cooperative security approach. Based on key findings drawn from this historical account, this article addresses the processes that lead to Finland and Sweden unexpectedly deciding on jointly applying for NATO membership. It concludes with a forward-looking assessment of how a Swedish NATO membership will ultimately stabilise Sweden's adaptable state identity and its implications for the Nordic countries' regional military strategy.

3

Únik Rakouska ke svobodě po roce 1945

58%

Kremr T.

Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 2

42-54

EN

This thesis deals with post-war development in Austria (1945–1955). Describes the first stage after the end of the Second World War, which can be characterized by the words: collapse and humiliation. However, the feeling of catastrophic destruction quickly and surprisingly was replaced by optimism in a new beginning. And the first stage immediately underwent reconstruction and the so-called economic miracle in Austria. The article describes how the Marshall Plan and the monetary reform have had a major impact on the economic recovery of the country. The final part of the thesis deals with the struggle of Austria for full freedom and autonomy, which culminated in the signing of the state treaty and the declaration of the country’s neutrality.

CS

Tato práce se zabývá poválečným vývojem v Rakousku (1945–1955). Popisuje první etapu po konci druhé světové války, kterou můžeme charakterizovat slovy: zhroucení a pokoření. Pocit katastrofálního zničení však rychle a překvapivě nahradil optimismus v nový začátek. A první etapa bezprostředně přešla v rekonstrukci a v takzvaný hospodářský zázrak v Rakousku. V článku je popsáno, jak zásadní vliv na hospodářskou obnovu země měly Marshallův plán a měnová reforma. Závěrečná část práce se věnuje boji Rakouska o plnou svobodu a samostatnost, tento boj pak vyvrcholil podpisem státní smlouvy a vyhlášením neutrality země.

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Rolanda Barthes’a tęsknota za Neutralnym

A Convincing Finnish Move: Implications for State Identity of Persuading Sweden to Jointly Bid for NATO Membership

Únik Rakouska ke svobodě po roce 1945