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1
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Tell el-Retaba, season 2012/ Appendix: Tell el-Retaba 2012. Preliminary report on archaeobotanical investigations

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Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Hulková L., Dubcová V., Malleson C.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2015
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vol. 24(1)
139-163
EN
The sixth season of fieldwork of the Tell el-Retaba Archaeological Mission has brought a number of significant results. For the first time remains of a Hyksos settlement (beside the previously known cemetery) were uncovered. Exploration of a large, regularly planned building, divided into a number of standardized flats, brought new evidence for the reconstruction of the function and organization of a strongly fortified town, which existed on the site during the Twentieth Dynasty. Remains of a Third Intermediate Period settlement showed that after the New Kingdom there was a clear change in the settlement pattern in Tell el-Retaba.
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Bronzové fragmenty z Usli

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Odler M., Kmošek J.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2014
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issue 13
56-60
EN
The excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology at the temple at Usli (Bárta et al. 2013b) have brought to light several bronze fragments (Figs. 1–2), which have been found in a secondary position among the blocks of the stone floor of the temple. Fragments Aand B were examined following archaeological documentation by means of ametallographic section and analysed by SEM–EDS. Fragment A has been interpreted as a bronze plaque from a foundation deposit, made of leaded bronze with traces of arsenic, cast without further processing (Figs. 4–6, Table 1). Fragment B is a fragment of a chisel, made of tin bronze with 0.7 % Pb and 0.1 % P, annealed after casting (Figs. 7–8, Table 1). The chisel might have been part of the foundation deposit as well; tools had occurred in foundation deposits since Dynasty 11 and metal/bronze plaques since Dynasty 19 (Weinstein 1973). Analogies of the artefacts have been published by Cowell from Nuri (1997) and from New Kingdom contexts e.g. by Schoske (2007). The current state of research does not allow us to determine whether the fragments could be dated to the New Kingdom or the Napatan Period.
3
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Tell el-Retaba, season 2016

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Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Dubcová V., Hulková L.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(1)
109-135
EN
Excavations of the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba in 2016 were continued in the western part of the site, uncovering remains of domestic and funerary structures from the Second Intermediate Period in Area 4. Houses from the first half of the Eighteenth Dynasty were also investigated in this area. In Area 9, several houses from the Third Intermediate Period were explored and, for the first time, also substantial remains of a Late Period settlement, including at least one “tower house”.
4
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Tell el-Retaba 2014–2015

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Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Dubcová V., Hulková L., Odler M., Šefčáková A., Sójka P.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
193-225
EN
The excavation at Tell el-Retaba in 2014 and 2015 comprised three seasons of fieldwork, carried out in sectors of the site already opened in previous years. The earliest archaeological remains date from the Second Intermediate Period and represent a Hyksos settlement and cemetery. Ruins of an early Eighteenth Dynasty settlement, fortresses from the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties and from the Third Intermediate Period settlement continued to be excavated as well. Of note are some archaeological remains from the 17th–19th centuries, presented for the first time in the fieldwork report.
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Gold mining in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, from the New Kingom to medieval times: new insight from the Samut district

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Redon B., Marchand J., Faucher T.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2020
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vol. 29(1)
EN
Gold was plentiful in Egypt and had been used by the Pharaohs from earliest times as a means of asserting their power. But the history and archaeology of the mining and production of the Egyptian gold is a lot less known than the splendour of the country’s kings. Between 2013 and 2016, the French Eastern desert mission aimed to fill in these gaps in our knowledge through the excavation of the gold mining district of Samut, located between Edfu and Marsa Alam. It hosts one of the largest Ptolemaic mineral processing site of the region, Samut north. The excellent preservation of the remains made possible, for the first time, a comparison between archaeological remains and the well-known treatise of Agatharchides of Cnidus exposing the awful conditions of living in the gold mines of the Ptolemies. Besides, three other sites were explored: the impressive village of Samut el-Beda, dated to the New Kingdom, and two small villages of medieval times. In all the sites structures and artifacts related to the gold processing were unearthed, that held crucial data on the technological and organizational evolution of the gold exploitation over more than two millennia in the Eastern desert.
6
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Royal women as wr.t­hnr in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Dynasty: continuity in discontinuity

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Bělohoubková D.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2022
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issue 29
29-42
EN
A very characteristic aspect of the New Kingdom royal family is the involvement and integration of royal women into the royal ideology, as well as their participation in the cult; for example, their presence during rituals such as the Opet festival. One of the foundations of the early New Kingdom state revolves around the concept of the king on the throne and his mother, sister or wife in the role of “god’s wife” (Hm.t-nTr). This system appears to cease being productive after the reign of Queen Hatshepsut, or perhaps still slightly later, since the last female with this title is dated to the reign of Thutmose IV. It is highly possible that the position of “god’s wife” was at that time replaced by the post of the “great of musical performance” (wr.t-xnr); a post usually held by the wife of the high priest. The royal women later reappeared in this position, not only with the title of the “god’s wife”, but from the reign of the Sethi I, several of them also held the title of the “great of performers” (wr.t-xnr). This phenomenon could be symptomatic not only of the dynamic nature of both institutions, but also of the power race between the royal and non royal elite.
7
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A report on the excavation of the Supreme Councilof Antiquities in the sacred animal necropolis at the Bubasteion in Saqqara

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Waziri M., Youssef M. M.
Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)
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2019
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issue 23
83-91
EN
This article presents some preliminary results of the excavation in the sacred animal necropolis at the Bubasteion in Saqqara. This work examined the rock façade further west of the New Kingdom cemetery that was uncovered previously by the French mission in the eastern part of the site. Several tombs were discovered during this excavation, four of which date to the Old Kingdom. One of these tombs, which belongs to a lector priest, Wahty, is beautifully decorated with reliefs and statues. Another of these tombs was built by the overseer of the builders of the Great House, Khufuemhat. In addition, three New Kingdom tomb-chapels were uncovered, all of which were largely unfinished. In the debris that covered the site, much archaeological data was obtained and many objects were discovered, dating to the period between the Old Kingdom and New Kingdom. These included canopic jars, scribal palettes, pottery jars, headrests, etc. During the Late Period, the site was used as part of the sacred animal necropolis associated with a temple of Bastet built in this area. These tombs were used to bury cats. In addition, many various Late Period artefacts were found on the site, such as limestone and wooden coffins for scarabs, wooden and bronze statues of cats that represent the goddess Bastet, many amulets in the shapes of various gods, but also, for instance, fragments of papyrus. The work on the site still continues and in the near future more data and objects are expected to appear.
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Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019

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Hudec J., Dubcova V., Hulkova L., Wodzińska A.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2020
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vol. 29(2)
111-130
EN
Area 4 north of the Migdol was the focus of the 2019 season excavations. An apparent well from Phase G3 was discovered with some pottery sherds inside dating from the end of the Middle Kingdom. In the early Eighteenth Dynasty it was turned into a cemetery; seven tombs discovered this season provided the first evidence of suprapositioning of grave structures in this part of the burial ground. The outskirts of the Phase G settlement and cemetery may have been reached in the excavation. Mud-brick structures from Phase F3 were used for domestic and crafting activities. A battery of ovens continued to be excavated. Parts of Phase F2 architecture were excavated beside the Migdol and below the platform of Wall 2. Artifacts and raw materials indicated long-distance contacts. Metal objects (rings, needles) and arrowheads were also discovered. Phase D4 was represented by the remains of a transport route/walkway. Two silos and a fireplace enclosed by a wall dated to phase C.
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