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EN
The aim of this paper is to present civil and religious festivals, as well as theatrical representations, performed in the sixteenth‑century New Spain, as examples of the convergence of elements introduced by the Spaniards and those already existing in the indigenous culture. Taking as a starting point a schematic presentation of such activities as dances, song performances, jugglers’ shows, mock battles and evangelization theater, our objective is to signal that due to the presence of certain pre‑Hispanic patrons for all these endeavors it is risky to qualify the indigenous contribution as superficial and limit it to the audiovisual elements. The issue is much more complex and the adoption of the native perspective, apart from that of the Spaniards, may reveal the profundity of the convergence of features proper to the Old and New World and help to unveil the perception and reception of the sixteenth‑century Mexican performances by its native inhabitants.
EN
The purpose of this article is to show the reception and circulation of the Corpus Iuris Civilis the New Spain (Mexico) during the XVI and XVII centuries. It analyzes the importance of the Roman law as a part of the phenomenon of legal reception in the Spanish America. It studies the readings, comments and censorships of the different editions of these books, which were introduced extensively since the first decades of the American conquest. In the recent years, the Latin American historiography has analyzed the reception of the ius commune in the Spanish colonies, but it appears to give more priority to other legal sources as laws and customs. As a result of this point of view, it has been forgotten the knowledge contained in the legal books. In this research, my main sources are the books preserved in the Mexican National Library. The choice of the materials is due to it preserves the prints of some of the major libraries during this period (university, seminars and religious colleges). In order to achieve this objective, I analyze my period according to the Robert Darnton’s communication circuit. This methodological model focuses on the role of authors, publishers, printers, distributors and readers in the process of production, distribution and consumption of the books.
EN
This article deals with the subject of 16th century Mexican monastic architecture and its artistic embellishments. Its aim is to present the architecture and its decoration program within an appropriate historical context, putting a particular emphasis on the process of cultural transmission and subsequent changes between the Old and the New World. Some attention is also paid to the European art of the modern age with regard to the discovery of America and its impact on the western worldview (imago mundi). The article concludes that the Mexican culture represents an example of a very successful and vivid translation of Western culture (translatio studii) towards the America, albeit it stresses that the process of cultural transmission was reciprocal.
EN
The analysis of the pictorial content of the veintena section of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún’s Primeros Memoriales may lead to new conclusions about the artists and the process of creating these illustrations. Comparing the illustrations with the description of the festivals in the Primeros Memoriales and the Florentine Codex, identification of scenes and persons and their attributes depicted in the illustrations may also shed interesting light on the affiliation of the manuscript, whose provenance is still under discussion.
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze different possible ways to approach the code of love in the hagiographical biography of New Spain’s nun María de Jesús Tomellín, who lived in the 16th century in Puebla de los Ángeles. Firstly, it focuses on the relation between the understanding of love in the so called nuptial mysticism and the profane amorous code, especially courtly love. After that we study possible parallels between the secular and sacred amorous realm in the hagiographical text.
EN
This paper analyzes the rights to water resources and their concessions for the benefit of different social groups in New Spain. Through a review of the laws of the time, we discuss the domain, common use, and the particular usufruct of water. We will analyze the way in which the transfer of ownership to the property of the vassals was carried out, first free of charge and then by means of payments to the Royal Treasury. Changes in the mechanisms of land and water concession occurred during the implementation of land regularization carried out at the end of the sixteenth century and the first decades of the seventeenth century. Among the various difficulties to implement the regularizations, the oidores of the Real Audiencia de México discussed whether the Crown was entitled to the collection of grants of public goods, as originally the waters were. Numerous adjudications were granted to Spaniards with the collective composiciones that had as main stage the most important wheat producing area of Mexico in 1643. The Indians defended their rights to the immemorial possession of the waters before the procedure of the Spaniards to legalize their properties.
ES
El artículo tiene como propósito abordar los derechos a los recursos hídricos y sus concesiones para beneficio de los distintos grupos sociales en la Nueva España. A través de la revisión de las leyes de la época, se discute acerca del dominio, uso común y el usufructo particular del agua. Analizaremos la manera en que se efectuaron los traslados de dominio hacia la propiedad de los vasallos: primero de forma gratuita y, luego, por medio de pagos a la Real Hacienda. Los cambios en los mecanismos de concesión de tierras y aguas se dieron durante la implementación de la regularización agraria realizada a finales del siglo XVI y en las primeras décadas del XVII. Entre las diversas dificultades para instrumentar las regularizaciones, los oidores de la Real Audiencia de México discutieron sobre si la Corona tenía derecho al cobro de otorgamientos de bienes públicos, como originalmente lo eran las aguas. Numerosas adjudicaciones fueron concedidas a españoles con las composiciones colectivas que tuvieron como principal escenario la zona productora de trigo más importante de México en 1643. Los indígenas defendieron sus derechos a la posesión inmemorial de las aguas ante la tramitología de los españoles por legalizar sus propiedades.
PL
Kościół Katolicki poprzez obrazy propagował ideę istnienia dwóch ścieżek, dobra i zła, tak aby wierni mogli kształtować swoje postępowanie na podstawie zawartego w nich nauczania. Droga dobra, która była polecana pod względem etycznym, prowadziła do nieba. Nazywano ją „ścieżką cierni”, ponieważ oznaczała wyrzeczenie się ziemskich dóbr i satysfakcji, i oddanie się cierpieniom. Ścieżka zła, której przewodniczył demon, prowadziła do piekła. Nazywano ją „ścieżką róż”, ponieważ była przyjemna. Panowały na niej rozrywki, radosne życie i cieszenie się zmysłowymi przyjemnościami.
EN
The Catholic Church propagated the idea of the existence of two paths, that of good and that of evil, through images, so that the faithful would regulate their conduct based on the teaching they contained. The path of good, which was ethically recommended, led to heaven. It was called “the path of thorns” because it was of renouncing earthly goods and satisfactions in favour of suff ering. The path of evil, presided by the demon, led to hell. It was called “the path of roses” because it was pleasant. In him amusements prevailed, the good life and the enjoyment of sensory pleasures.
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