Search results

1

Polityka integracyjna Norwegii wobec nowej emigracji zarobkowej z Polski w latach 2004-2009

100%

Kiełbasiewicz A.

Historia i Polityka

|

2010

|

issue 2/3(9/10)

251-273

EN

The aim of this article is to presentthe main assumptions of Norway’s integration policy towards Polish labour emigrants after the access of Poland to the European Union in 2004. Norway, as a member ofthe European Economic Area, participates in the European Union’s single market that among others ensures free movement of people and services. As a result, more than one hundred thousand Polish citizens have taken up employment in this Nordic country during last 5 years. At present, they constitute the largest national minority in Norway. Even though Norway introduced transitional period to protect their market against cheap manpower, many Norwegian as well as Polish companies found their way to employ specialists from previous Eastern Bloc with remuneration below the minimum accepted in particular branches. Therefore, many labour emigrants found themselves on the periphery of Norwegian society along with bad living conditions, unregulated working time and devoid of any rights to welfare. This situation was defined by Norwegian government as a social dumping and since 2006 new regulations have been introduced in order to limit this unfair competition. However, the biggest emphasis has only been put on exacerbation of labour law and popularization of collective wage agreements. Norwegian authorities decided to exclude labour emigrants from fuli participation in the integration policy that includes among others free courses in Norwegian language or recognition of education. Moreover, the article tries to depictthe outline of history of labour migration in Norway, reasons for current migration, mechanisms of recruitment, working and living conditions of Polish emigrants, and the generał conceptions for futurę import of workforce to Norway. All these issues are to give a wider picture of the main challenges connected with the modern phenomenon of free movement of people between countries with different standards of living and regulations within Central and Western Europe.

2

Norweska droga do dobrobytu. Rola Socjaldemokratów

63%

Lieder W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne

|

2014

|

vol. 10

237-257

PL

mieście, które każdego znaczyć piętnem swym musi…” – takim opisem norweskiej stolicy końca XIX wieku wybitny pisarz norweski, noblista Knut Hamsun, rozpoczął swoje dzieło pt. Głód (norw. Sult). Powieść jest głęboką analizą ludzkiej psychiki w warunkach głodu i walki o byt w ówczesnym Oslo. Twórczość Hamsuna w dużej mierze odnosiła się do ciężkiej sytuacji bytowej mieszkańców tego skandynawskiego kraju. Jeszcze w końcu XIX wieku Norwegia niejednokrotnie doświadczała głodu, biedy, wysokiego wskaźnika wychodźstwa (zwłaszcza do USA). Ten najbardziej na północ wysunięty kraj skandynawski był jednym z najbiedniejszych i najbardziej zacofanych w Europie. Ciąg wydarzeń, zjawisk, procesów jakie zaszły w tym nordyckim państwie oraz czynniki zewnętrzne, sprzyjające rozwojowi Norwegii, przyczyniły się do tego, iż dziś słowo ubóstwo, będące przez wiele stuleci synonimem tego skandynawskiego kraju, stało się jego antonimem. Niepodważalną rolę w budowaniu norweskiego dobrobytu miała Norweska Partia Pracy (DnA), której decyzje polityczne stały się na tyle trafne, iż można dziś mówić o norweskim modelu państwa opiekuńczego.

EN

“It was during the time I wandere d about and starved in Christiania: Christiania, this singular city, from which no man departs without carrying away the traces of his sojourn there” – with this description of the Norwegian capital city of the late nineteenth century, Knut Hamsun, a prominent Norwegian writer and a Nobel laureate, began his opus entitled Hunger (Sult). This novel is a profound analysis of the human psyche set in circumstances of great hunger and struggle for survival in Hamsun’s contemporary Oslo. Today, the writer is regarded as the forerunner of the modernist trends in the psychological novel genre. However, Hunger is not an exception, as most of Hamsun’s work is widely related to the severe living conditions of the inhabitants of this Scandinavian country. Even before the outbreak of World War II, famine, poverty, high emigration rates (especially to the U.S.) were considered common phenomena. Norway was one of the poorest and most backward countries in Europe. The sequence of events, phenomena and processes that have taken place in this Nordic country, together with external factors conducive to Norway’s development, contributed to the fact, that nowadays the word poverty, which was for many centuries synonymous with this Scandinavian country, became its antonym. Today, Norway is considered by many scholars as one of the best countries to live in (this is corroborated by the top ranks which Norway achieved e.g. in the Human Development Index – first place in 1995, 2000-2006, 2009-2012), which arouses the perfectly understandable admiration. Therefore, it seems reasonable to ask a question about the mechanisms and processes that within only a single generation time span allowed the Norwegians to achieve such rapid progress, and climb to the top of the rankings of countries with the highest degree of development in the subsequent years.

3

Ziemia Eryka Rudego. Duńsko-norweski spór o terytoria na wschodzie Grenlandii

63%

Kubiak K.

Studia Scandinavica

|

2020

|

vol. 24

|

issue 4

131-148

EN

Eric The Red’s Land cannot be found on contemporary maps. There are not many older cartographic publications in which such an area would be marked either. They were published in only one country, Norway, and for a limited time. This was the result of the territorial claims that Norway reported to parts of eastern Greenland. To locate the area in geographical space, the name of Eric The Red’s Land was used (Norwegian: Eirik Raudes Land). Norwegian claims to East Greenland met the strong opposition of Denmark. In the interwar period, it seemed that the verdict of the Permanent International Court of Justice in The Hague, adopted in 1933 and recognizing Denmark’s sovereignty over all of Greenland, had ended the dispute. However, during World War II, Norway raised the issue of the possession of eastern Greenland again. This happened at a time when both Nordic countries were occupied by Germany. The cooperation with Germany undertaken by “Arctic expansionists” ultimately intersected with Norwegian ambitions in the eastern part of Greenland.

4

Dyplomacja na peryferiach. „Specjalne kontakty” polsko-norweskie w latach 60. XX wieku

51%

Przeperski M.

Studia Scandinavica

|

2018

|

issue 2 (22)

168-180

EN

“Special contacts” developed by Norway and Poland during the years 1963–1968 may serve as a unique example of peripheral diplomacy. The sense of Polish initiatives such as the Gomułka Plan consisted not only in relaxing the political tension in Europe, but also on securing the western Polish border, which was not internationally recognized by the West. Hence, initially, political contacts between Oslo and Warsaw served as a way of exercising soft pressure on NATO countries to change their stance. However, they had other interesting aspects, too, such as promotion of Polish culture in Norway. It was 1968 that marked a final date of the “special contact.” It was the anti-Semitic campaign that took place in Poland that year, rather than invasion of Czechoslovakia, that was a final reason for this ending.

Refine search results

2 Studia Scandinavica

1 Historia i Polityka

1 Zeszyty Naukowe Zbliżenia Cywilizacyjne

1 Kiełbasiewicz A.

1 Kubiak K.

1 Lieder W.

1 Przeperski M.

1 2020

1 2018

1 2014

1 2010

Polityka integracyjna Norwegii wobec nowej emigracji zarobkowej z Polski w latach 2004-2009

Norweska droga do dobrobytu. Rola Socjaldemokratów

Ziemia Eryka Rudego. Duńsko-norweski spór o terytoria na wschodzie Grenlandii

Dyplomacja na peryferiach. „Specjalne kontakty” polsko-norweskie w latach 60. XX wieku