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1

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Żuchowski P.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2012

|

issue 1-2

8

2

Pracownicy Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w latach 1962-2002 : (Centrala)

100%

Piątkowska W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2002

|

issue 1

97-103

3

Szanowni Państwo!

100%

Zdrojewski B.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2012

|

issue 1-2

7

4

Prace Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków nad architekturą współczesną

80%

Olszewski A. K., Włodarczyk W.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1976

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issue 2

136-137

5

Szkolenie archeologów z PP PKZ w zakresie ewidencji stanowisk archeologicznych

80%

Gromnicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1983

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issue 1-2

144-145

6

"Z Fototeki Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków" - wystawa w Warszawie

80%

Włodarczyk W.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1976

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issue 3

237

7

Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków w latach 1969-1970

80%

Charytańska M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1971

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issue 1

57-61

8

Ogólnopolska Konferencja poświęcona zagadnieniom konserwacji malowideł ściennych

80%

Schuster-Gawłowska M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1965

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issue 1

61-63

9

Laudacja doktora Wojciecha Fijałkowskiego

80%

Brykowski R.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1998

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issue 2

93-95

10

Archiwalny zbiór pomiarów zabytków architektury i budownictwa Zarządu Muzeów i Ochrony Zabytków Ministerstwa Kultury i Sztuki

80%

Paździor M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1987

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issue 4

331

11

Srebrny Jubileusz

80%

Konopka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1987

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issue 4

239-242

EN

Twenty-five years have already passed this year since the opening of the Historical Monuments Documentation Centre (the H.M.D.C.), which was separated in 1962 from the Central Board for Museums and Monuments Protection, attached to the Ministry of Culture and Arts. The author of a work programme and the first director of the Centre was the late Professor Kazimierz Malinowski. The basic task of the Centre is to complete and render accessible monuments' documentation, to systematize and classify it as well as to cooperate with various organizations and co-workers in this field. These tasks о fthe Centre have been pursued for a quarter of the century, though a scope of its activities has already gone beyond the aims assumed. First of all, the number of record cards of different kinds of monuments have been increasing all the time; then, a new type of a record card has been prepared to cover monuments of architecture and building with an expanded substantial description and illustrational part. The recording has also comprised monuments of rural buildings, structures erected after the second half of the 19th century, monuments of engineering, cemeteries. The Centre has included into its activities the inventorying of archaeological sites within a framework of the programme referred to as the Archaeological Picture of Poland. Department of Monuments of Architecture and Building has now more than 30,000 cards, while Movable Cultural Property Department — 200,000 cards. In 1985 the latter collection of cards of movable cultural property was recorded on computer discs. At present, computerization is to cover other collections as well. The H.M.D.C. records also historic towns and it carries out town-planning studies and has rich iconographie documentation. From 1976 the Centre has been coordinating — together with the Polish Academy of Sciences — research work within an interbranch programme known as „Monuments of culture — the source of national consciousness” . Card indexes of goldsmith’s work and music instruments are set and research work is done on the history of engineering. Architectonic and archeological studies are carried out on fine examples of Romanesque architecture (e.g. in Strzelno). Apart from the books Publishing Department of the H.M.C.D. publishes three magazines („Ochrona Zabytkow” , „Spotkania z Zabytkami" and „Muzealnictwo” ). Archives Department collects priceless collections left behind by deceased conservators and research workers and carries out, i.a., the inventorying of architectonic drawings. Museology Department covers bibliography of the content of museum publications. Photo library of the Centre has nearly 30,000 photographic negatives of architectural monuments and the Library has almost 20,000 books and 630 titles of magazines. Because of such an intensive development the Centre suffers from the shortage of space, the more so that plans for future envisage a further expansion, just to mention the opening of a computer section for all collections. The Centre plays an essential role in the organization of the work of conservation services and cooperates on a regular base with district offices for monuments documentation. The most important feature of the Centre is an excellent atmosphere with regard to human relations, the understanding of the aim of work and its priority statute in face of difficulties caused by rather hard conditions.

12

Z działalności Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków : weryfikacja zabytków architektury i ewidencja miast

80%

Charytańska M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1962

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issue 2

69-70

13

"Katalog archeologicznych zbiorów pozamuzealnych" : Zeszyty 1-7 : 1988-1995 : Wyd. Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie

80%

Gromnicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1997

|

issue 2

182

14

Centralna ewidencja i rejestr zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Polsce w świetle zasobu Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków

80%

Wendlandt J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

1998

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issue 4

441-444

EN

The author o f the article dealing with central files and register o f monuments o f architecture and construction in Poland, published in “Ochrona Zabytkow” no. 3 /1 9 9 8 maintains that a characteristic feature o f the register is its “fluidity”. A confirmation o f this finding is the tabular list of monuments included into the register o f historical monuments, brought up to date after a period o f six months.

15

Szanowni Państwo!

70%

Florjanowicz P.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2012

|

issue 1-2

3-6

EN

The National Board of Poland, the publisher of the Ochrona Zabytków magazine, was established in 2011, but is already celebrating the 50th anniversary of its activity. How is that possible? The National Board of Poland, formerly the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments, is the legal successor of the Centre for Documentation of Monuments (CDM) – an institution to which the Polish conservation owes very much. CDM has been established by the then Minister of Culture and Art in 1962 and accomplished its tasks successfully for four successive decades. In 2002 the former CDM and the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape were merged to establish the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments (NCRDM), into which the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage was incorporated in 2007. In 2011, by the decision of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, NCRDM changed its name to the National Heritage Board of Poland. We decided to celebrate this magnificent anniversary with a special issue of our magazine. It will contain information about achievements of the Centre for Documentation of Monuments during 40 years of its existence and about the activities of the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape and the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage, i.e., the institutions on the basis of which NCRDM and later the National Heritage Board of Poland was established. The last jubilee issue of Ochrona Zabytków was published on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of CDM exactly 10 years ago, at the beginning of 2002 (Ochrona Zabytków no. 1, 2002). A few months later, CDM ceased to exist in its then-current structure. Its ideas were continued by the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments and later the National Heritage Board of Poland. However, the current jubilee issue is different from the one published 10 years ago. Successive articles were arranged in a manner showing the continuity of the mission of our institution; articles on historical topics are accompanied by texts of current employees of the National Heritage Board of Poland (NHB), who continue the presented projects, at the same time adapting them to contemporary expectations of recipients and making use of the latest methodology. Anyway, innovation was the trademark feature of CDM – after all, it was one of the first conservation institutions in the world that collected documentation about historic object resources of the entire country in a standardised manner. It is something worth remembering. In the changing reality, we have to adapt the methodology of our activities to challenges of contemporary times, but the mission of CDM that was defined in its statutes 50 years ago remains valid: „to improve the stock-taking of monuments for the rational planning of their reconstruction and conservation”. Obviously, monuments are no longer reconstructed today, but the mission of NHB is still to create the basis for the sustainable preservation of heritage by gathering and disseminating knowledge about historical monuments, by setting standards for their protection and conservation, and by raising the social awareness of Polish cultural heritage in order to preserve it for posterity. The National Heritage Board of Poland acts at the intersection of many different fields of activity of the state and society and, therefore, runs a multitude of projects addressed to diverse target groups. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to pass information about the full scope of our activity to all interested persons. This volume does not contain all articles concerning the entire activity of NHB, either. For instance, the entire area of international co-operation was not covered, including important issues such as the implementation of part of the provisions of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, or expert co-operation with the Council of Europe and the European Commission that has been carried out successfully for a few years. There is also no mention of our activity concerning the support of conservation initiatives in the Ukraine and Belarus or the long-term program of revitalisation of the Muskau Park, which is managed directly by NHB. The role of NHB in the recognition of the most valuable objects as Monuments of History and our intense efforts to create their strong brand are not mentioned, either. Many other areas of NHB’s activity were not covered as well – not because they are less important, but because there was not enough space to write about everything. However, the primary idea of this special issue of Ochrona Zabytków was to present the original tasks of CDM and the manner in which their implementation is continued by NHB today. And the number of these tasks is continuously increasing and there will be many opportunities to write about them, also in this magazine. According to the promise made in the previous issue, Ochrona Zabytków is being transformed into a more interesting magazine that reflects more closely real and current conservation issues. When preparing this special issue, we assumed that each of us had the right to include his own memories and we treat the published texts as authors’ works. This applies particularly to the authors who participated in activities of CDM and other predecessors of NHB and look back on 50 years of achievements from a slightly different perspective. Some of them contain critical remarks about our current activities, which we humbly accept and for which I would like to thank very much here. Articles by current employees of NHB were written according to a completely different principle – they contain no criticism of the past. This is not our role, because we feel that we continue the idea of CDM formulated 50 years ago and, in spite of various twists and turns of history, our task is to pursue this mission and try to fulfil it as best as possible. We do not want to criticise things from the past, but to evolve and adapt our current activities to requirements of contemporary times. I believe that we succeed in doing this and I hope that you have this feeling, too. Finally, let me wish all of you, including former and current employees and collaborators of CDM, CPHL, the Centre for Archaeological Rescue Research, CPAH, NCRDM and NHB, in particular all former directors of those renowned institutions, all the best on the occasion of the jubilee of the 50th anniversary. I would like to thank you for your work, knowledge and passion, because it is the passion, commitment and personal attitude to the tasks being undertaken that connects authors of past successes of CDM with today’s creators of the image of the National Heritage Board of Poland.

16

25 lat Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków

70%

Paździor M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1988

|

issue 3

196-197

17

Aby z dawnego bytu wartości utrwalić i upowszechnić…

70%

Konopka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2012

|

issue 1-2

9-34

EN

The Centre for Documentation of Monuments (CDM) was created at the end of 1961 and at the beginning of 1962. Currently it functions under the name “National Heritage Board of Poland”. The axis around which the system of protection of historical monuments in the People’s Republic of Poland was built was the register of monuments set up after the regaining of independence in 1918 and continued in the Law on the protection of cultural property and on museums that was passed in 1962. The establishment of CDM is strictly connected with political changes (the “thaw”) that happened after October 1956. The restoration, conservation and organisation of museums was entrusted after the war to the central institution named the General Directorate for Museums and Protection of Monuments, which was headed by Stanisław Lorentz and Prof. Jan Zachwatowicz (General Conservator of Monuments). At the end of the 1950s, museums and protection of monuments were managed centrally by the Ministry of Culture of Art and its subordinated entity – the Administration of Museums and Monument Protection (AMMP) (the counterpart of a department), the head of which was doc. dr Kazimierz Malinowski, an art historian. In years 1958-1960, works were undertaken in AMMP to create a list of monuments of architecture and art on the “green card” form. In 1962, after a new law was passed, the state took over responsibility for the condition of monuments, and the monument was defined as a cultural property entered into the register. The prepared list resulted in the classification of collected materials and the division of monuments into five groups, where the highest classes were subject to protection and the lowest classes were left without care on the state level. K. Malinowski was the originator of the idea to establish a new institution – the Centre for Documentation of Monuments, whose main collection consisted of documentary materials gathered in the Ministry of Culture and, primarily, cards of the list of monuments, which encompassed 35,000 items. Thus, at the beginning CDM became an “external” department of AMMP. The regulations specified the existence of five departments: non-movable monuments, movable monuments, museum exhibits, archives and the library and issuing of AMMP’s publications. This activity began with the Ochrona zabytków quarterly. The department of non-movable monuments dealt with objects of architecture and historic buildings. The idea to prepare a register of movable monuments required the scope of such a project to be determined. The museology department prepared the Muzealnictwo annual. Within 10 years of its existence, CDM gained the status of a central institution collecting documentation concerning the protection of monuments and museology and became an unofficial publishing house. Issued in one volume in 1964, the list of monuments of architecture was published in 17 journals in division into voivodeships existing at that time. In the 1970s, monument protection was becoming an instrument of „historical policy” again. The title of the General Conservator of Monuments was restored. The criteria of “selection of monuments” applied in the list, which completely ignored objects from the 2nd half of the 19th century and the 20th century, traditional wooden buildings – characteristic elements of the cultural landscape of Poland, monuments of industry and technology, historic cemeteries and archaeological sites were questioned during the discussion published in Ochrona zabytków. In 1975 the function of Director of CDM was taken over by Prof. Wojciech Kalinowski, an architect and a town planner, who prepared a new conception of the institution and undertaken the idea of preparation of a full list and record of monuments. From 1975 new models of records and instructions for their implementation began to be developed, resulting in the preparation of the “white card” of monuments of architecture, the address list and the three-level system supplemented with a historical study. The preparation of the register of historic parks, gardens and cemeteries was started, too. The last link of the system became the register of archaeological sites (KESA card). New forms and instructions were published in 1981. Glossaries necessary for the proper description of monuments were being prepared for all specialistic fields. It was also at that time that Spotkania z zabytkami – the first and only magazine about popular science in the Eastern Bloc countries – began to be released. The emphasising of the importance of the monument in the context of cultural landscape became more intense in the 1980s. These discussions made it possible to prepare amendments to the 1962 Law. At the time of political transformations in 1989, the State Monument Protection Service managed by the General Conservator of Monuments was established. On the voivodeship level, SMPSs were formed by offices of voivodeship conservators of monuments. One of the authorities exercising the protection of cultural property was the Director of CDM, who performed the following tasks: support of SMPSs, keeping of the central record of monuments and co-ordination of SMPS units in this respect, development of the rules of documentation of monuments, preparation of the substantive basis for the conservator’s policy of protection of the cultural environment. In the amendment to the law, the care of monuments was entrusted to their users. In 1990 CDM gained a new statute and new role: it was transformed from the institution keeping the register of monuments into the institution supporting the office of the General Conservator of Monuments on the one hand and voivodeship conservators of monuments in historical regions of the country on the other hand. This purpose was to be served by regional centres – divisions of CDM forming interdisciplinary teams of specialists. At the beginning of the 1990s, the Centre and its divisions were computerised. As a result of changes introduced in 1990, the Centre became a content base of state administration in the field of heritage protection (at the time of its establishment, i.e. in 1962, CDM employed 6 persons, and by 1991 this number rose to 160, including 100 persons in 12 regional divisions). However, the new law on the protection and care of monuments adopted in 2003 changed the cultural heritage protection system once again. In 2002, CDM was merged with the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape, which had dealt with the subject area of cultural landscape until then, and its name was changed to the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments. In 2011, the National Heritage Board of Poland was established.

18

Dział Muzealnictwa

61%

Sołtysiak M.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2002

|

issue 1

61-64

19

Od Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków do Narodowego Instytutu Dziedzictwa

61%

Wendlandt J.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2012

|

issue 1-2

35-47

EN

By the Order no. 166 of the Minister of Culture and Art of 22 December 1961, the Centre for Documentation of Monuments was established “for the purpose of improvement of the stock-taking of monuments for the rational planning of their reconstruction and conservation”. Its tasks included the preparation of the central register, record and supplementary documentation of non-movable and movable monuments. CDM’s substantive activity was based on record cards of non-movable (ca 40,000) and movable monuments, record files of cities, historic complexes and parks, historical and technical documentation of historic objects of architecture and historic buildings as well as archival and photographic materials acquired from the then existing Administration of Museums and Monument Protection. Tasks were performed by the Centre in three research departments: the Department of Architecture and Town Planning, the Department of Movable Monuments and the Department of Archaeology and in supplementary departments: the Department of Museology, which collected and documented knowledge about Polish museums, the Department of Archives and Scientific Collections, which collected, among others, materials relating to the historical issues and conservation of monuments, and the Phototeque with a unique collection of negatives, positives and diapositives, including historic aerial photographs of historic urban complexes and spatial development layouts. This collection is particularly important, because it often concerns the objects that no longer exist. Among achievements of the Department of Publications, which existed in the Centre from the beginning, it is particularly worth noting one hundred volumes of the Library of Muse ology and Monument Protection (LMMP) devoted to a variety of topics: from legal protection of monuments, materials from conservation conferences, specialistic issues of the conservation technology, to glossaries. For many years CDM was the publisher of a number of magazines devoted to popular science: Spotkania z Zabytkami, Muzealnictwo and Ochrona Zabytków. What also existed in CDM from the beginning, was the library – one of the few libraries in Poland that had not only a collection of books on the history of art and museums, but also a collection of books on issues of stock-taking and documentation of monuments and conservation issues – both with regard to theory and practice. Within the limits of its statutory activity, the Centre kept a central record of cultural properties, determined models and established standards of record-keeping. It organised training courses for employees of Conservation Offices and Offices for Documentation of Monuments, directed priorities in the preparation of records of monuments and supervised periodically the financing of the entire record-keeping programme in Poland. For the purpose of closer co-operation with conservation services and local administration bodies, twelve Centres for Studies and Protection of the Cultural Environment were established as local centres of CDM in 1991 and 1992. In 2000, part of CDM’s competences relating to the initiation and financing of records was transferred to conservation services and the Centre became responsible only for archives and information. Until then, during 40 years of its activity, CDM had collected and co-created an imposing record documentation, which constituted a unique collection encompassing around: • 130,000 record cards of historic objects of architecture and historic buildings, • 640,000 address index cards of historic objects of architecture and historic buildings, • 600 historical & urban planning studies of cities, • 320,000 record cards of movable monuments, • 6,600 files of the Archaeological Photograph of Poland (68% of the surface of the country; 375,000 archaeological sites), • 70,000 decisions on entry into the register of monuments (all categories of monuments), • 130,000 negatives and 1,000 binders of positives in the phototeque, • 35,000 negatives, diapositives and photographs of the aerial documentation of cities and the cultural landscape, • 50 linear metres of archival materials, • 60,000 volumes of books and magazines in the library. Moreover, CDM had at its disposal materials of the State Enterprise Monument Conservation Workshops from years 1948-1988 (750 linear metres of conservation documentation, 250,000 negatives, 1,881 photogrammetries, 8 linear metres of photographs in boxes). These materials were not only used by the personnel of conservation services, but also made widely available for scientific and educational research. In 2002, two cultural institutions: the Centre for Documentation for Monuments and the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape were merged and the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments was established. The Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape was created on the basis of the Administration of the Protection and Conservation of Palace & Garden Complexes, which functioned from 1977 within the structures of the National Museum in Warsaw. Originally it engaged in the maintenance of historic parks in the divisions of the National Museum –in Łazienki Park, Wilanów, Nieborów and Królikarnia. The methods that were used there in broadly understood conservation activities, from historical research to the revitalisation of these parks, were employed to work out theoretical and practical rules relating to the maintenance of historic green layouts in the scale going beyond museum objects. In those years, there were no specialistic institutions taking care of historic parks; these shortages were particularly severe for local conservation offices, which employed mainly historians of art, architects, ethnographers and archaeologists in their structures. Only a small group of landscape architects or foresters took care of historic greens. Because of the need to support voivodeship conservators of monuments, the Administration of the Protection of Palace & Garden Complexes was separated from the National Museum and started nationwide activity as an independent entity. As far as records and documentation are concerned, the Administration’s activity was similar to that of CDM, but was carried on with regard to historic green layouts – parks, gardens and cemeteries, including former Polish cemeteries situated outside the country. Apart from that, the Administration was authorised by the General Conservator of Monuments to exercise the broadly understood heritage conservator supervision of works being performed in historic parks in Poland. The co-operation concerned both design and performance. For instance, a programme of clearing works in neglected parks was commenced, under which conservators and users received an instruction concerning the performance of basic maintenance works before proper revitalisation activities. The Administration elaborated also the rules of preparation of conservation documentation, paying particular attention to the need to carry out historical & scientific research before design works. It was also the originator of pre-design research that was called “park archaeology”. From the beginning of its activity, the Administration ran a large-scale training programme for conservation services. A design studio was also created to carry out park revitalisation projects within the scope of statutory activity. At the same time, a scientific base was created by establishing a specialised library and collecting all materials concerning the history of gardening. Research on park plants and their selection in the historical development process was also initiated. Grounds were even created for the establishment of a specialised nursery which was to prevent the spreading fashion for introduction of foreign species of trees and shrubs to historic parks through selection of native plants occurring in historic gardens. The large-scale research and record-keeping programme resulted in a series of publications, including the list Parks and historic gardens in Poland, catalogues of historic cemeteries in various provinces, a catalogue of Galician cemeteries from World War I and catalogues of Polish cemeteries in Belarus and the Ukraine. Special attention in the activity of the Administration was paid to the role of historic parks in the local environment and their importance for the cultural landscape. In this context, research on particularly endangered large-area layouts and composed landscape was commenced. As a result of the extended research zone and environment protection activities, the Administration of the Protection of Palace & Garden Complexes was transformed into the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape on 1 January 1994. Special achievements of CPHL include activities for the benefit of the Muskau Park in Łęknica, a park & landscape work of primary importance for the history of the world art of gardening. For the purpose of ensuring proper progress of revitalisation works, CPHL took over the administration of this facility and restored the original grandeur and importance of the park after a few years of intense work, as a result of which the park was entered into the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage list. CPHL carried on very intense training & conference activities, and materials acquired by means of them were systematically published in a few dozen volumes of the Studia i Materiały publication, which was divided into several thematic series. The National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments basically continued the tasks of both merged institutions, but focused rather on documentation works and the elaboration of methods of protection and maintenance of monuments, and direct design and field works were gradually limited. Higher importance was attached to giving opinions on various projects, including conservation projects. NCRDM became the main provider of opinions for the General Conservator of Monuments. In addition, NCRDM engaged in the preparation of materials connected with the establishment of a monument of history (including the elaboration of a draft of criteria for the application and the carrying-out of the procedure), giving of opinions on and verification of applications. It also prepared a proposal for monitoring of historic objects regarded as monuments of history and entered into the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage list. The computerisation of collections became one of the most important tasks of NCRDM. NCRDM had already commenced work on that subject in the past, but these were not complex activities aimed at creating a unified programme for all kinds of documentation. NCRDM also started to make 3D scans of historic objects for the needs of conservation services and activities. It is worth mentioning that from 2002 till 2006 NCRDM did not engage in recording of archaeological monuments, because this function was fulfilled by the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage. Its predecessor was the Centre for Rescue Archaeological Research (CRAR) established in 1995, whose primary goal was to supervise and examine areas laid out for large-area investments being designed. These activities were particularly necessary in areas through which national fast traffic roads were to run. Within the scope of CRAR’s research, a huge number of archaeological sites was examined within a relatively short time and many important scientific discoveries were made. Irrespective of the specific nature of archaeological research, which was different from research on other kinds of monuments, scientific and record documentation was being prepared, the meaning and significance of which was identical to that of documentation of monuments in general. Thus, the activities of the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage turned out to coincide in many respects with work of the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments. As a result, both of these cultural institutions were merged in 2006. Until 31 December 2010, they functioned as the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments, which changed its name to the National Heritage Board of Poland by virtue of the order of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage on 1 January 2011. This change involves also the adoption of new statutes, according to which the Institute is obliged to pursue tasks relating to the sustainable protection of the cultural heritage of Poland in order to preserve it for future generations through: 1. the collection and dissemination of knowledge about heritage; 2. the determination and dissemination of standards of protection and maintenance of monuments, 3. the formation of social awareness regarding the values and maintenance of cultural heritage. This shows that, apart from activities being performed so far, e.g. with regard to the collection of record documentation, the goal of the Institute is to undertake tasks on a broader social scale, especially those relating to the dissemination of knowledge on cultural heritage. This goal should be supported by activities such as the monitoring of the state of preservation and the evaluation of the heritage resource, the building and development of the nationwide geospatial database about monuments and the improvement of access to collections through their digitalisation. The Institute continues to issue opinions and expertises concerning monument-related activities to public administration bodies, but it is also obliged to carry out, upon the Minister’s order, a part of tasks of the ministry of culture resulting from the accession of Poland to the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention and, in particular, carry out works to ensure standards of protection, conservation and presentation of World Heritage sites, monitor and evaluate their condition, co-ordinate work on the preparation of management plans and supervise their implementation as well as participate in international co-operation with a view to the protection of cultural heritage. In order to implement these tasks, the Institute has the properly qualified staff and supplements its technical equipment within the limits of its financial possibilities. Some difficulty is caused by the lack of adequate place both for the expanding documentation resources and for arrangement of research workshops. The Centre for Documentation of Monuments has actually grappled with the lack of appropriate premises since the beginning of its existence; currently, after a series of organisational changes and mergers, the National Heritage Board of Poland with its rich archives and specialistic workshops is located in four separate facilities in and outside Warsaw, in accidental rooms that are completely inadequate to the kind of its activity. This means that, after 50 years of its activity, the institution is entering the new stage as the National Heritage Board of Poland without a seat that would be adequate to its name and role. Such a situation hinders the current activity of the institution and, in the first place, does not contribute to the improvement of mutual relations between employees and the building of an integrated team and causes a serious problem to a very large number of clients making use of the dispersed collections.

20

Na czterdziestolecie Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków

61%

Guttmejer K.

Ochrona Zabytków

|

2002

|

issue 1

4-13

EN

The art o f conservation is activity. The history o f art is cognition. Jan Białostock The author of this motto, an outstanding historian of art, wrote: “Activity should strive towards the attainment o f targets, the transformation o f the existing state o f things, and the realisation o f a state o f things recognised as more valuable” (my emphasis — K. G.). At the time, his article produced a lively discussion among conservators. After all, conservation also denotes cognition, since in the course of widely comprehended conservation undertakings we expand our knowledge about the examined subject regardless whether the researcher is a historian of art, a historian of architecture, a conservator or an archeologist. Indubitably, Jan Białostocki was correct in maintaining that the art of conservation is an activity, one of whose symptoms is the documentation of historical monuments. The ruling which established the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments (ODZ) begins with the declaration: “In order to render the inventories o f historical monuments more efficient for a rational plan o f their reconstruction and conservation, the following is ordained: §1. The ‘Centre for the Documentation o f Historical Documents’, known as the Centre, has been established on 1 January 1962. §2. The tasks o f the Centre include conducting a central register and auxiliary documentation for mobile and immobile monuments”1. Today, the word “reconstruction” may give rise to certain reservations, but at the time traces of war-time devastation were still fresh. The tasks succinctly defined in the ruling issued by the M inister were enormous. Both their realisation and the accomplishments of the Centre have been already presented in “Ochrona Zabytków” upon the occasion of two jubilees: the tenth and twenty fifth anniversary3. In the course of forty years, those tasks underwent certain transformations, predominantly involving their considerable expansion. The image of the activity p u rsued by the Centre is composed basically of the achievements of its departments, whose work is discussed in more detail in further articles. The text presented below plays the role of a sui generis introduction. * * The term “documentation” in the name of our institution signifies, according to Słownik Języka Polskiego (Dictionary of the Polish Language), “a collection o f documents justifying something, source material, evidence”. Further on we read: “scientific documentation: the collection, preparation and dissemination o f selected information (...) for the purpose o f practical application”4. What is the purpose of a documentation collection, namely hundreds of thousands of index cards gathered in the past and still amassed by the Centre? Whom does the archive as well as the hundreds of professional publications issued by the Centre and its specialist library serve? The Centre acts as a fundamental base for the Minister of Culture — the General Conservator of Historical M onuments and voivodeship conservators, especially after the reorganisation of the services in 1991 and the ensuing liquidation of voivodeship Bureaus for the Documentation of Historical Monuments. The documentation created and coordinated by the Centre comprises a foundation for identifying national cultural legacy. This is the material which assists every conservator in formulating his own opinion while deciding to include a certain object into the register (or to delete it). This is also the material which serves a historian embarking on research into gentry m anor houses or old organs in Polish churches. The authors of Katalog zabytków sztuki w Polsce (Catalogue o f Art Monuments in Poland), issued by the Polish Academy of Sciences, start their work on each consecutive volume with becoming acquainted with our files. Just as the cultural landscape is not an enclosed reservation, documentation is by no means a closed archival complex but remains supplemented and brought up to date. Conservation methods have changed in the course of several past decades as has the approach to numerous groups of historical monuments; hence the transformation and expansion of the Centre’s tasks. The core of the Centre is composed of three prime research departments: Architecture and Town Planning, Art and Crafts (formerly — Mobile Historical Monuments) and Archaeology. Without them our present-day knowledge about cultural legacy in Poland simply could not exist. Their presentation speaks for itself. The Centre contains also several other essential departments which deserve to be briefly mentioned. The Department of Museum Studies gathers, prepares and renders available knowledge about Polish museums. Museum registers, information about collections, as well as scientific, exhibition and publication activity are systematically brought up to date and published in the form of a synthetic guide to Polish museums. The Department also issues the periodical “Muzealnictwo”, which presents data and historical and research material associated with museums. The Department of Archival Material and Scientific Collections possesses sets of assorted origin, i. a. the legacies of various researchers, such as the Łopaciński Folios, the Glinka Folios, and the Ciołek Folios, with material pertaining to the historical and conservation aspect of numerous monuments. The Photographic Collection, which is part of the Department, constitutes a unique resource of negatives and positive copies, many of which refer to non-extant monuments. Co-operation with the Department of Publications initiated the publication of source material found in museums, libraries and archives, indispensable for research conducted by historians of art and conservators — archival catalogues of architectural drawings, plans and measurements (mainly eighteenth- and nineteenth- century) or projects by architects celebrated in the past and esteemed up to this day. Researchers attach great importance to those volumes, without which their work would be greatly hampered. At the time of their publication during the 1970s and 1980s, the scientific and editorial assets of the catalogues placed them at a level equal to that of analogous West European works. Already at that time, we were on par with the leading representatives of Europe. The ministerial ruling which established the Centre included an entry about specialist publications. For forty years, the Department of Publications systematically issues several periodicals and series. The scale of this undertaking is illustrated by the three volumes of a bibliography entitled: Wydawnictwa Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie (Publications o f the Centre for the Documentation o f Historical Monuments in Warsaw) — (for the years 1962-1965, 19661984 and 1984-1994) containing more than 6 400 bibliographical items! Not only the number of the publications is impressive. The overall accomplishments of the Department include several series and up to twenty books simply indispensable for the workshop of the historian of art and the conservator. More than a hundred volumes of the renowned Library of Museum Studies and the Protection of Historical Monuments (BMiOZ) appeared in series A, В and C, embracing diverse topics — from a compendium of legal regulations concerning the protection of cultural legacy and material from conservation conferences, to a series of terminological dictionaries, for example, on goldsmithery, fabrics and defensive architecture, or “Informator Archeologiczny”. The output includes also publications about the technological aspects of the conservation of monuments of painting, stone, metal, leather, paper and fabrics — a venture unique not only on a domestic scale. At present, the Library, which accompanies the Centre from its very beginning, i. e. from 1962, is composed of more than 60 000 volumes of books and periodicals. In time, the profile of the collections, originally more valuable for an historian of art and a researcher interested in museum studies, evolved to wards specialisation. Today, the Centre is the only Polish institution with a book collection on the inventories and documentation of historical monuments as well as a wide gamut of conservation problems, both theoretical and practical. Acquisitions and international exchange enabled the Library, which constantly co -o p erates with 80 Polish and foreign institutions, to possess many foreign specialist periodicals. Auction purchases make it possible to supplement the collections with valuable historical publications required for conservation work and studies. A database of the book collection is being created in Mikro CDS ISIS since 1993, and includes a particularly valuable base of articles from about sixty Polish periodicals. The conservation activity pursued by the Centre encompasses the organisation of various conferences and courses intent on training workers of Conservation Offices and Bureaus for the Documentation of Historical Monuments about the proper execution and conducting of registers. Other tasks include numerous conservation opinions prepared by the Team of Experts on Architecture, Town Planning and the Cultural Landscape (part of ODZ since 1993) for the General Conservator of Historical Monuments and voivodeship conservators. A separate chapter in the history of the Centre was the establishment in 1991-1992 of twelve regional departments — Regional Centres for Studies and the Protection of the Cultural Environment — in accordance with a new ODZ statute confirmed by the Ministry of Culture and Art in 1990. Their creation was one of the prime elements of the reorganisation of conservation services conducted at the time. The foundation of those branches, located in the historical regions of the country, preceded the administrative division of Poland, carried out in 1998; today, they exist in almost all voivodeships. The appearance of the Regional Centres was envisaged as a sui generis compensation for the liquidation of the Bureaus for the Documentation of Historical Monuments; at the same time, the Centres were entrusted with much more ambitious tasks. The examination of the cultural environment was to be conducted on a higher level and render knowledge more systematic; with time, it was to generate a complete synthesis of knowledge about the Polish cultural landscape. Regional Centres co-operate with conservation offices and the local government or self-government administration, i. a. while preparing conservation directives and opinions as well as studies concerning cultural heritage, thus filling the gap which emerged after the closure of the Bureaus for the Documentation of Historical Monuments and the dissolution of numerous outposts of the State Enterprise Ateliers for the Conservation of Historical Monuments (PP PKZ). The Centres inherited copious and valuable archives of the documentation, studies and research conducted by the Enterprise, which, for all practical purposes, ceased existing at the beginning of the 1990s; today, they are the lawful guardians of the collections. The activity of the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments would be impossible without close co-operation with voivodeship conservators of historical monuments, best acquainted with current requirements and engaged in adapting the programme of the documentation of cultural legacy to local conditions. For years, the Centre assisted (and should continue doing so!) in co-creating and coordinating research and documentation programmes which, to a considerable degree, it also finances. These efforts made it possible to produce well-prepared registers of, for example, historical rural architecture or musical instruments, and furthered the progress achieved by the Archeological Photograph of Poland. The Centre also helped to train the personnel of voivodeship Bureaus for the Documentation of Historical Monuments — today non-existent — for the preparation of frequently challenging documentation. For this purpose, the Centre organised scientific conferences and training courses as well as excursions intended for students and employees of conservation services. It is worth remembering that the State Service for the Protection of Historical Monuments, created in 1991, was staffed by the employees of the dissolved Bureaus, who today comprise the basic core of conservation services. The preparation and realisation of various tasks could not have been accomplished w ithout the collaboration of scholars and academic environments. The Centre initiated and organised numerous interdisciplinary scientific sessions devoted to research methods, and in particular to conservation requirements. Such co-operation involved also PP PKZ. The outcome of those sessions included, as a rule, publications issued in the above mentioned Library of Museum Studies and the Protection of Historical Monuments. For the past four decades ODZ experienced considerable transformations. It began as the employer of eight staff members working in the Primate’s Palace in Senatorska Street. In 1970, a house in 35 Brzozowa Street was specially reconstructed for its purposes; today, it remains a symbol of our institution, strongly enrooted in the consciousness of Polish conservators. Rapidly growing documentation tasks and the increased efforts of the Centre were the reason why already at the end of the 1970s the existing offices proved to be cramped. At the end of the 1980s they were used by almost thirty persons, and the conditions in which the latter were compelled to work appear to be inconceivable. For many years, Director Prof. Wojciech Kalinowski endeavoured to obtain more spacious facilities. A solution of sorts was the adaptation in 1979 of a devastated railway station of the Warsaw-Vienna line in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. The building, which already during the nineteenth century no longer fulfilled its original function, was to act as a storehouse for the more rarely used collections, a suggestion which appeared to be controversial considering the work p e rformed by the institution. The repair of the railway station proved to be extremely time-consuming. In February 1991, Marek Konopka, the new Director of ODZ, finally transferred the majority of the Departments to a new seat in 6 Ujazdowskie Avenue, thanks to the support of Izabella Cywińska, the Minister of Culture and Art, and Tadeusz Zielniewicz, the General Conservator of Historical Monuments. The Departments of Museum Studies and Publications remained in Mazowiecka Street. Subsequently, the repaired railway station in Grodzisk Mazowiecki became a refuge for the enormous archive of several Warsaw departments of PP PKZ, frequently used by researchers from the whole country. The rank of the Centre stems from tasks extremely aptly defined at its very outset; their realisation, however, is entrusted to consecutive directors. The creator of the institution was Professor Dr. Kazimierz Malinowski (ODZ Director in 1962-1966), the then Director of the Board of Museums and the Protection of Historical Monuments in the Ministry of Culture and Art and the co-author of the statute about the protection of cultural property (1962). Prof. Malinowski, whose person has been undeservedly forgotten by Polish conservators, outlined the structure and tasks of Centre, and the framework constructed by him constituted the basis of documentation in Polish conservation. He was also the initiator and organiser of pioneering conferences on the technological aspects of the conservation of art works, and contributed to a rapprochement between three academic conservation centres: Kraków, Warsaw and Toruń. Subsequently, for several years, Prof. Malinowski’s programme was continued by Director Maria Charytańska, who also devised its new version (head of ODZ in 1966-1974). This period witnessed the inauguration of photographic aerial documentation of old towns and the amassment of a collection of monographic studies dealing with Polish cities. Furthermore, the Centre embarked upon a computer version of the collections of the Department of Mobile Historical Monuments. The achievements of Director Charytańska included the reconstruction of the house in Brzozowa Street for the main seat of the institution. Prof. Dr. Wojciech Kalinowski, engineer and architect (ODZ Director in 1975-1989) symbolised further intensive development: the initiation of the fundamental programme of registering architectural monuments, expanded by including buildings from the second half of the nineteenth century and the twentieth century, and the introduction of a new, more extensive index card. The Department of Mobile Monuments initiated specialist documentation of church organs, musical instruments and goldsmithery; at the same time, it continued the pioneering programme of creating a computer database for the index card collection. The Department of Archaeology was established in 1978. In 1990-1995, the post of Director was held by Marek Konopka, followed by Dr. Robert Kunkel, an architect (to the beginning of 2001) and Michał Urbanowski (since 2001). It is simply impossible to mention here all the initiatives and activities of the particular directors. The attainments of the Centre would have been impossible without the co-operation of its employees, who comprise a small but significant group of people co-creating the Centre’s overall image. Throughout the past decades the staff included authorities who remain universally recognised up to this very day. Forty years of the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments have yielded an enormous output, which we shall present in greater detail in a further part of this publication. I started my text by citing Prof. Jan Bialostocki’s view about „activity aiming at the realisation o f a state o f things recognised as more valuable” (ars auro gemmisque prior)-, in our case, such activity denotes the expansion of knowledge about cultural legacy in Poland. I believe that today it would be possible to convince Prof. Białostocki that conservation also denotes cognition, to a considerable degree achieved owing to the documentation of historical monuments. * * * Originally, the publication marking the jubilee of the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments was to be presented in a different form. In the spring of last year, we planned to issue a special commemorative book to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the Centre. Nonetheless, the economic situation made it impossible to finance such a publication, and a synthetic history of the four decades of our institution could not appear. This means that an “unofficial” history of the Centre and its workers, brimming with anecdotes and descriptions of the once popular scientific excursions had to be omitted; we were left with a presentation of the accomplishments of particular departments which, as in the case of previous jubilees, shall be discussed in “Ochrona Zabytków”. In the course of the last twelve years, our country has experienced great historical changes which exerted an impact also on the condition of the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments. Political and social events — be they better or worse — almost always directly affect our institution. Today, conservators are witnessing the influx of a generation whose members do not always ascribe the same significance to historical monuments and cultural legacy as we did some ten or twenty five years ago. Paradoxically, liberation from a totalitarian system did not bring about transformations of the protection of cultural legacy as prominent as those for which we longed prior to 1989. This is the reason why it is necessary to recount our achievements, both the ones dating from the difficult years of the past, and those originating from present- day reality. Karol Guttmejer Director of the Team for Regional Studies of Warsaw and Mazowia

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