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Genderová segregace trhu práce v kontextu segregace vzdělanostní: mezinárodní srovnání

100%
Valentova M., Smidova I., Katrnak T.
Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)
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2007
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vol. 8
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issue 2
43-52
EN
This article focuses on the latter approach, in particular on the occupational gender segregation in relation to the gender segregation in education. The theory of human capital suggests that the increasing level of qualification, talents and productive skills of women acquired in the educational system, training and experience at work, should have a positive impact on quality of women's position in the labour market and enhance gender equality. Given the increasing educational attainment of women over the past decades, one would assume that their position in the labour market, including the gender segregation in occupational categories, has improved as well. However, the results of current research prove that despite all the changes and progress made with respect to the level of education of women, the level of occupational segregation tends to remain relatively stable over time. Thus, the increasing level of education does not seem to have a very strong impact on the overall level of gender segregation in occupations. One of the possible explanations may be the fact that women and men tend to choose different fields of study which predetermine their participation in particular categories of occupational structure to a larger extent than their level of education. Men are still overrepresented in different fields of education than women and this tendency seems to persist even in the countries where a campaign has been led for the promotion of democratic and non-discriminatory practices in the system of education. The main aims of this article are: 1) to conduct a cross-national comparison of levels of occupational gender segregation and 2) to examine the relation between the level of occupational gender segregation and gender segregation in education (both vertical and horizontal). The analyses include 18 European countries covered by the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2004.
2

THE OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY IN TIME AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES (Profesiina struktura ukrainskoho suspilstva u chasovomu ta porivnialnomu vymirah)

100%
Simonchuk E.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2009
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issue 3
61-99
EN
The research is aimed at the study of the occupational structure of the Ukrainian society, in particular of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by occupational groups (which were derived according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-88). The statistical data demonstrate that a significant dynamics of occupational differentiation of Ukrainian population took place during the last twelve years, namely a shift from blue collar occupations in the industrial sector to the sphere of trade and services.The comparative data of the ESS indicate a principal similarity of occupational differentiation of the post-socialist societies in contrast to the Western countries (particularly the volume of the white collar positions in the West is considerably higher, while for the blue collar is correspondingly lower). The received data point out the importance of the determinants of gender and age for the analysis of the occupational structure of post-soviet societies. The authoress reveals the partterns of both the horizontal and the vertical gender segregation. The peculiarity of the occupational position of different age groups lies in the so-called 'edge effect': the youngest (below 20 years old) and the oldest (above 60) groups have a specific occupational structure against the middle groups.
3
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GENDER SEGREGATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET PLACED IN THE CONTEXT OF EDUCATIONAL SEGREGATION: CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON

88%
Valentova M., Smidova I., Katrnak T.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 3
214-244
EN
Analysing the position of women in the labour market we can, in general, distinguish between two main approaches. The first one brings into focus the access to the labour market and works. The second approach deals with the issue of quality of labour market participation.This article focuses on the latter approach, in particular on the occupational gender segregation in relation to the gender segregation in education. Given the increasing educational attainment of women over the past decades, one would assume that their position in the labour market, including the gender segregation in occupational categories, has improved as well. However, the results of current research prove that despite all the changes and progress made with respect to the level of education of women, the level of occupational segregation tends to remain relatively stable over time. Thus, the increasing level of education does not seem to have a very strong impact on the overall level of gender segregation in occupations. One of the possible explanations may be the fact that women and men tend to choose different fields of study which predetermine their participation in particular categories of occupational structure to a larger extent than their level of education. Men are still over-represented in different fields of education than women and this tendency seems to persist even in the countries where a campaign has been led for the promotion of democratic and non-discriminatory practices in the system of education. The main aims of this article are: 1) to conduct a cross-national comparison of levels of occupational gender segregation and 2) to examine the relation between the level of occupational gender segregation and gender segregation in education (both vertical and horizontal). The analyses include 18 European countries covered by the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2004. The comparison pays a special attention to differences and similarities between the EU-15 countries and the new EU member states, i.e. post-socialist countries.
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