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EN
The main aim of the paper is an attempt to analyse the function of the goddess Mafdet in the Pyramid Texts, the earliest corpus of ancient Egyptian religious texts. Her role in the Egyptian religion seems to be underestimated. The reason for that is her marginal appearance in the documents later than the Old Kingdom. However, an examination of the spells from the Pyramid Texts, where Mafdet is mentioned, allows us to assume that in the Third Millennium B.C. she belonged to the group of deities most closely associated with the king.
EN
Burial containers (including wooden coffins and stone sarcophagi) were one of the most important aspects of burials in ancient Egypt, but especially in the case of the Old Kingdom (ca. 2592 – 2120 BCE) they have not been properly researched. In particular, what remains unclear is the number of burial containers used in one burial. There are three possibilities regarding this particular issue. The first suggests that there was a wooden coffin inside each sarcophagus. The second claims that when there was a stone sarcophagus, no wooden coffin was needed, and the third envisages a variety of options. Archaeological evidence attests stone sarcophagi without wooden coffins as well as wooden coffins inside stone sarcophagi in addition to other possibilities. This brief case study draws on material from the residential, Memphite necropolis (mainly Abusir, but also from Saqqara and Giza) and demonstrates that there was considerable variation and that we do not properly understand the reasons behind the different choices in the terms of funerals and burials.
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