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World Literature Studies
|
2021
|
vol. 13
|
issue 4
94 - 105
EN
This article includes an analysis of selected characters in The Books of Jacob (Księgi Jakubowe [2014] 2019) by Olga Tokarczuk from the context of discourse. The analysis is based on the concept of literary characters as the “common ground” for a discourse in literature, existing within the Polish theory of literature, as well as a discourse on extra-literary reality. In Tokarczuk’ s novel, there is a clash of two major discourses: rationalistic and metaphysical-messianic. The former appears at times as scientific-medical, represented by one of the background characters, Rubin Asher. The character is the quickest to emancipate himself, in his community, impersonating the modernity and rationality of the Enlightenment. The character who plays the role of the “common ground” for metaphysical-messianic discourse is Jacob Frank. Molivda-Kossakovski is situated at the intersection of several discourses. His multi-discursivity combines rationalistic, metaphysical, ethnic and multi-cultural discourses, of which the latter plays a critical role for the former ethnic one. The interdiscursivity of the work puts forward the knowledge of the origins of modernity in remote periphery, of the beginnings of modern ways of world categorization and generates critical discourse.
EN
The article in an attempt at reading two contemporary Polish women’s texts (Olga Tokarczuk’s Historie ostatnie [Last Histories] and Izabela Filipiak’s stories Korzenie [Roots]) in the perspective of Rosi Braidotti’s nomadic theory. As analytical instruments there appear such notions as: rooting/uprooting, settling in/homelessness, desire/longing, kinship/affinity, and foremost genealogy. That last category, which, after Foucault (and Nitzsche) Braidotti perceives as a negative discourse (“continuity in discontinuity”), turns out to be a key to understanding the sense of the project of women’s cultural nomadism. The trope of the mother’s relation, which is here a metaphor of the past, with her daughter, explains in the text the ambivalence inscribed in the process of transfiguration of “a migrant” or “an outlaw” into a “nomad”. A condition of transforming a negative sense of uprooting into a positive feeling (possible but not forced) of rooting is the persona’s creation of his/her own genealogy. It takes a form of a retrospective map of the places where we are not any more.
EN
This article examines proper nouns in the works of Olga Tokarczuk. I analyse critical assumptions of literary onomastics and try to understand to what extent the onimic layer of the works of the Polish Nobel laureate can be considered as a system. The cited examples of literary proper names appearing in selected Tokarczuk novels allow us to understand the individual features of naming (especially the use of capital letters and the creation of individual descriptors) as well as the way this is rooted in the broader context of literature, culture, science and history, which also influence the use of proper names in the author’s works. The theories put forward by Italian literary historian Franco Moretti provide a complementary analytical framework.
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