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OTVORENÁ TEXTÚRA POJMU – PÔVODNÝ ZMYSEL A KRITIKA

100%
Gahér F.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2018
|
vol. 73
|
issue 8
620 – 635
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse and explain in more detail Waismann’s idea of the open texture of concept (Die Porosität der Begriffe) as a means for criticizing the principle of verifiability and to point out its distorted understanding as an open text. The open texture or porosity of a concept should relate to its potential, intensional indeterminacy – to signal the doubts that may arise in its application under unforeseen circumstances. Extensional essentialism is present in the background of this view. Against this view, Tichý presented his approach of intensional essentialism. On the basis of this approach we have enriched the critique of the open texture of concepts by the distinction between distinctive and scientific concepts and their correlations of various strengths. Furthermore, we have explained Waismann’s examples of a “giant cat” and “radioactive gold” as a replacement of one distinctive concept by another, both of them closely related in terms of their content, they have the same name and they are correlated with the same scientific concept with an unchanged essence.
2

OTVORENÁ TEXTÚRA POJMOV A PRAVIDIEL – VODA NA MLYN PRE SUBJEKTIVIZMUS V APLIKOVANEJ SÉMANTIKE?

86%
Gahér F., Mrva M., Števček M., Turčan M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2020
|
vol. 75
|
issue 4
309 – 323
EN
When using natural language in a domain of a special discipline, which is fundamentally based on its use (for example, language of law), we are led on the one hand by the need for precision and unambiguity and on the other hand by the need for brevity and efficiency. A specific semantic problem for texts expressing a system of normative rules for the regulation of actions is the question of their efficient applicability in new situations. Herbert Hart came up with a suggestion on how to solve these dilemmas in the field of law and was loosely inspired by the theory of open texture of concepts. He saw the solution in an inevitable defeasibility of a rule, which, in his view, is caused by the open texture of the goal pursued by the rule. However, extensive use of the instrument of open texture of a concept or a rule can be fuel for the fire of subjectivism in semantic practice. It is necessary to distinguish the phenomenon of open texture of concepts from the polysemy of natural language expressions and the phenomenon of so-called privative modification. Applicative flexibility and effectiveness of normative theory is aided by a more appropriate generality of concepts, which is achieved, for example, by recodification of law, rather than by artificially extending the scope of concepts on the basis of their fuzziness.
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