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FILOZOFIA A KULTÚRA STREDNEJ EURÓPY. REFLEXIE V. BĚLOHRADSKÉHO ALEBO „NEPORUŠILI SME ZÁKON“

100%
Geremešová G.
Annales Scientia Politica
|
2013
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vol. 2
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issue 2
22 – 26
EN
The study analyses the philosophical and cultural atmosphere of Middle Europe as observed by the Czech philosopher Václav Bělohradský. Writers and philosophers such as Robert Musil, Joseph Roth, Franz Kafka, Stephan Zweig, Ludwig Wittgenstein and others identified their personal and literary (literary-philosophical) lives with the historically unique and unrepeatable concept of Middle Europe. The Habsburg Empire of the 19th century embodied the epicentre of such uniqueness. The above-named philosophizing authors recognized the future European crisis in the agony of the multi-national empire, and the collapse of the Habsburg Empire in their works reflects the crisis of the occidental rationality. The hypertrophy of science, scientific rationality and its significance to the detriment of human life and emotions signifies that the rational, the order, legality and law take precedence over the spiritual. The culmination of this hypertrophy is reflected in the loss of personal responsibility for one’s actions – Robert Musil’s “The Man Without Qualities“ is born; in the present it is a person who “did not break the law“.
2

DUCH TIAŽE J. L. FISCHERA

100%
Lysý J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2021
|
vol. 76
|
issue 3
167 – 180
EN
The paper discusses the topic of democracy contained in the philosophical concept of Josef Ludvík Fischer (1894 – 1973). The starting point is the idea of respect to the Order of Reality flowing into the theory of „structural democracy“. J. L. Fisher eventually arrives at the questions of freedom, the topic of our options to re-create reality, depending on our desire, on our heroism, and on the type of perfect order we are willing to create.
3
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Категориите ДОБРО и ЛОШО в българския език на базата на представите за РЕД, ПОРЯДЪК и БЕЗРЕДИЕ, ХАОС

84%
Vatova M. V.
Zeszyty Cyrylo-Metodiańskie
|
2019
|
vol. 8
EN
The paper deals with the concepts of GOOD and BAD as reflected in the Bulgarian lexical system within the framework of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory, developed by Lakoff and Johnson. The study claims that the concepts of GOOD and BAD are undoubtedly grounded in human experience but are conceptualized by means of metaphors as such concepts do not exist objectively in the physical world but result from human understanding of it. The cognitive metaphors discussed in the paper are studied with reference to human understanding of order, orderliness and disorder, chaos in the world.
PL
Kategorie DOBRA i ZŁA w języku bułgarskim na podstawie wyobrażeń o ŁADZIE i PORZĄDKU oraz NIEPORZĄDKU i CHAOSIEW artykule poddano analizie koncepty DOBRA i ZŁA, odzwierciedlone w systemie leksykalnym języka bułgarskiego, z perspektywy kognitywnej teorii metafory G. Lakoffa i M. Johnsona. Badanie opiera się na założeniu, że koncepty DOBRO i ZŁO należą niewątpliwie do bezpośredniego doświadczenia ludzkiego, ale mimo to podlegają metaforyzacji dzięki faktowi, że nie istnieją obiektywnie, lecz są wynikiem ludzkiego rozumienia świata. Analiza zebranego materiału prowadzi do wniosku, że przedstawione w opracowaniu kognitywne metafory bazują na pojęciach ładu i porządku oraz nieporządku i chaosu w świecie.
RU
The paper deals with the concepts of good and bad as reflected in the Bulgarian lexical system within the framework of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory, developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The study claims that the concepts of good and bad are undoubtedly grounded in human experience but are conceptualized by means of metaphors as such concepts do not exist objectively in the physical world but result from human understanding of it. The cognitive metaphors, discussed in the paper, are studied with reference to human understanding of order, orderliness and disorder, chaos in the world.
4

Zło. Zdrada, a porządek społeczny. Porównanie koncepcji zła J. Tischner i A. Ophira

84%
Kamiński Ł.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2017
|
vol. 45
|
issue 3
65-88
EN
This article is a comparison of two concepts of evil. The first is the concept of dialogical evil in Józef Tischner's philosophy, where the category of betrayal plays an especially important role. The second is to be found in the work of the Israeli philosopher Adi Ophir, who portrays evil as part of what exists and places it within social order. The main issues dealt with in the text are what evil is, where we should place it, and where it is born. The problem of evil in Tischner's philosophy is related to the human way of feeling and perceiving the world, and to the relations between people. Furthermore, it is related to the human mind and the ways it experiences pain or suffering. The main issue for Tischner was how evil is experienced, and how it arises and acts. In contrast, Adi Ophir in his philosophy of evil pays attention mostly to the social order and the order of things. On the one hand, he places evil in order of things, as part of what is there. On the other, he connects evil with social order, with its production and distribution. Ophir shows how evil is created and spread through the social system. He uses the category of superfluity to describe the main quality of evils. His theory refers to the way of evil is thematized as suffering and damage, and to the problems of prevention and compensation. The main issue of the article is the question of what evil is more closely related to – is it the constitution of the self, feelings, thinking, and perceiving, or is it the social order and human relations in a system of exchange. Generally, the thesis presented here is that evil should be the main interest of the moral domain.
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