Results found: 2

Search results

Search:
in the keywords: ORDER OF JESUITS

Sort By:

Limit search:

17th century thesis sheets of Hungarian students in Central Europe

100%

Galavics G.

Muveszettorteneti Ertesito (Bulletin of the Hungarian Society of Archaeology and History of Art)

2004

vol. 53

issue 1/4

53-80

In the 17th-18th centuries, multiplied graphic works - thesis sheets - were made for the ceremonial examinations of the students at the universities. The 17th century history of thesis sheets ordered by Hungarian students actually only spans half a century because the first thesis sheet of Hungarian students was published in 1654. The first thesis sheet was issued by the university of Nagyszombat and dedicated to a young Hungarian aristocrat, Pál Esterházy, whose theme is the Esterházy family's struggle against the Ottomans. The relationship between the Vienna court and the Hungarian nobility deteriorated in the years following the peace of Vasvár of 1664, which was highly detrimental to Hungary. The personal delegate of Emperor Leopold I represented him at the exams and handed over the Emperor's award to the candidates. Such an exam was a special favour, and only one to three students earned the right to sit for it a year in the imperial capital in the 17th century. The Hungarian candidates were offspring of the most notable families of counts and barons. The first Hungarian student to take such an examination was baron István Koháry. The genre of the thesis sheet sensitively responded to the change in the relation between the Habsburg rule and the Hungarian estates around 1680. In 1681 the pro-Habsburg Pál Esterházy was elected Palatine, and this was the decade in which the Ottomans were driven out of Hungary and Buda was liberated. The Hungarian nobility, though not regaining their earlier influence, remained a decisive factor in the region to be reckoned with by the central power. From the onset of the 18th century the practice of having personal, individual thesis sheets characterizing the previous fifty years or so gradually changed. They were replaced by mostly ready-made thesis sheets marketed by the Augsburg print publishers. Though the 18th century thesis sheets, similarly to their 17th century counterparts, are among the top achievements of multiplied graphic art in Augsburg and reveal a lot about the artistic colloquial of the age and the artistic argumentation used by the Jesuits and other monastic orders, what was lost in many of the 18th century specimens of the genre was the personalness that characterized the 17th century pieces and that lent the beginnings of baroque its unsurpassable dynamism.

Przyczyny i okoliczności powstania Towarzystwa im. Piotra Skargi we Lwowie

86%

Kramarz H.

Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

2009

vol. 1

81-91

Origins, establishment and structure of St. Piotr Skarga Association were investigated in this work. The subject of study was one of many Polish social and educational organizations, that existed before the First World War in the self-governing Galicia (1866-1918). Undoubtedly it can be treated as a reply of Polish catholic intelligentsia to the development of socialism and changes of European civilization in early twentieth century. Moreover, the long tradition of continuous efforts made by Polish society to preserve its language and culture in the time of partitions, seems to be crucial to understand the background of an idea of creating the new organization. The association described in this work was established in July 1908 in Lviv. Founders were inspired by local Sodality of Our Lady and the order of Jesuits, further the organization was structurally connected with Catholic Church. Articles of Association were also confirmed by the local authorities of the Habsburg Empire. The organization was named after St. Piotr Skarga: sixteenth-century Polish priest, famous Jesuit preacher and patron saint of upbringing according to the spirit of Catholicism and patriotism. The final mission of the Association consisted in aiming at rebirth of Polish state, mainly by developing education and consolidation of Polish national identity. However in practice priority was given to the advancement of Polish literary output: belles-lettres as well as popular science and various kinds of press. Activities of the Association assumed the shape of editing and advertising literature, create libraries and organizing lectures. Social response to the occurrence of a new organization in Galicia is also analyzed in the article, especially in terms of accusation of competing with similar Polish association: Society of People’s Education. Finally the short history of the Association of St. Piotr Skarga up to the Second World War is presented in the end of the work.

Refine search results

1 Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe

1 Muveszettorteneti Ertesito (Bulletin of the Hungarian Society of Archaeology and History of Art)

1 2009

1 2004

1 Galavics G.

1 Kramarz H.

Search results

17th century thesis sheets of Hungarian students in Central Europe

Przyczyny i okoliczności powstania Towarzystwa im. Piotra Skargi we Lwowie