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EN
The paper provides an assessment of the support and financing instruments available for renewable energy sources (RES). The first part presents an overview on the different European bodies involved in financing RES development and lists specific funding programmes, pointing out the type and volume of financial support. The instruments have been identified for both, the project as well as the technology dimension. The second part provides an overview of support and financing instruments available for renewable energy in the Member States and the main support instruments (feedin tariffs and quota). Finally the paper develops recommendations for improving financing and support instruments in Poland and closing the financing gap for reaching the 2020 targets.
PL
Celem tej publikacji jest zaprezentowanie inteligentnego budynku Politechniki Warszawskiej, stanowiącego m.in. Laboratorium Zrównoważonych Systemów Energetycznych. Obiekt ten wyróżnia się innowacyjnością pod względem złożoności systemu zaopatrującego go w ciepło i energię elektryczną. Jest on wyposażony w rozbudowany układ akwizycji danych, pozwalający na pełną kontrolę procesów energetycznych. Obecnie w budynku prowadzone są badania naukowe oraz zajęcia dydaktyczne dla studentów PW. Do budowy systemu wykorzystano rozliczne protokoły komunikacyjne oraz standard EIB/KNX. Oprogramowanie ICONICS Genesis 64 SCADA pozwala na pełną wizualizację systemu energetycznego i układu architektonicznego budynku. W ramach publikacji przedstawiono także hybrydowy system energetyczny oparty na pompach ciepła, węźle ciepłowniczym, kolektorach słonecznych, panelach PV, gruntowych magazynach ciepła, magazynach wodnych oraz z materiałem PCM. Aktualnie prowadzone są badania mające na celu optymalizację pracy układu w celu zmaksymalizowania efektywności energetycznej w ramach lokalnych warunków pogodowych. W publikacji zostaną zaprezentowane także przykładowe wyniki prowadzonych prac.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present new Warsaw’s University of Technology smart building. Innovation includes solutions of electricity and heat supply of the building and smart metering system developed by our team. The system allows to control energy flow in the building and operate energy supply installation. The novel aspect is connecting EIB/KNX system with ICONICS Genesis 64 SCADA software in very simple and affordable way. In the article authors present also results of different scientific research, like solar energy conversion, heat pumps and hybrid energy systems.
EN
This article shows the importance of aiming to sustainable developmentof renewable energy for energy sector in Poland. Two detailed aims have benn shown in realisation the main idea of this work: the influence of UE integration for sustainable development for renewable energy sector in Poland; state of development for polish sector of renewable energy. The article shape was subortinated to the main aim. The issue of sustainable development for renewable energy has been shown in the first part.The current state for sustainable development has been shown in the second part. The development forecasts for renewable energy were presentedin the third part. The main conclusions were containted in summary.
PL
Regulacje unijne, które nakładają na państwa członkowskie obowiązek ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych gazów cieplarnianych oraz zwiększenia udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii w całkowitym zużyciu energii, bezpośrednio wpływają na kształt polityki energetycznej państw europejskich. Celem badania jest określenie wpływu wzrostu gospodarczego na emisję zanieczyszczeń poprzez weryfikację środowiskowej krzywej Kuznetsa oraz ocena wpływu wytwarzania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych na jakość środowiska. W badaniu oszacowano parametry modelu ekonometrycznego dla 29 państw europejskich w oparciu o zestaw danych panelowych z lat 2000-2011.
EN
The EU regulations which require Member States to reduce the emission of harmful greenhouse gases and increase the share of renewable energy sources in the total energy consumption have a direct impact on the shape of the energy policy of the European countries. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the economic growth on the emission of pollutants by means of verification of the environmental Kuznets curve and the assessment of the impact of energy generation from renewable sources on the quality of the environment. The study estimates the parameters of the econometric model for 29 European countries on the basis of panel data from the years 2000-2011.
PL
Produkcja energii ze źródeł odnawialnych (OZE) uwarunkowana jest m.in. czynnikami przyrodniczymi oraz ekonomicznymi, które mogą stwarzać dysproporcje między regionami. Celem badania jest ocena zróżnicowania poziomu rozwoju OZE w regionach w Polsce w latach 2008-2014. W badaniu wykorzystano metody wielowymiarowej analizy porównawczej, a w szczególności metody porządkowania liniowego obiektów opartych na zmiennych syntetycznych. Wyznaczenie bezwzorcowej miary rozwoju oraz taksonomicznej miary rozwoju pozwoliło stworzyć ranking obiektów według poziomu rozwoju badanego zjawiska oraz wyselekcjonować grupy regionów o podobnym poziomie rozwoju OZE. W przeprowadzonej analizie badanymi obiektami są regiony w Polsce, które zostały scharakteryzowane wybranymi cechami, opisującymi stopień wytwarzania energii z OZE.
EN
Energy production from renewable energy sources (RES) is conditioned by, among others, environmental and economic factors, that may create disproportions between regions, as to the energy production from RES. The aim of the study is an evaluation of diversification of the level of development of RES in regions in Poland in the years 2008-2014 on the basis of comparative analysis, and especially the methods of linear ordering of objects, based on synthetic variables. Determining paternless measure of development and taxonomical measure of development, making use of a pattern from a sample, allowed to create a ranking of objects according to the level of development of analyzed phenomenon and to select groups of regions with similar level of development of RES. In the performed analysis, the analyzed objects are regions in Poland, that were characterized by chosen features describing the level of energy production from RES.
XX
Omówiono technologiczne i ekonomiczne możliwości wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii w Polsce. Za nierealne uznano znaczące zwiększenie pozyskania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych w najbliższych latach, bez uruchomienia zachęt ekonomicznych.
EN
The objective of the paper is to analyse the system of prosumer energetics support in Poland. The system has been functioning since 2013 based on the regulations provided by the revised Energy Law. The purpose of the study is to present the essence of prosumer energetics and also the identification and synthetic characteristics of basic administrative and financial as well as economic and financial instruments stimulating the development of micro-installations of dispersed generation taking advantage of renewable energy sources. A lot of space was devoted, in particular, to the characteristics of feed-in tariffs and the "Prosumer" priority programme initiated by the National Fund for Environment Protection and Water Management.
EN
The climate policy of the European Union, concerning the struggle against global warming, concentrates, among others, on the realisation of the objectives of "the energy-climate package 3x20" adopted by the European Council, envisaging a 20% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, a 20% increase in energy efficiency and a 20% share of energy produced from renewable sources in the overall energy balance by 2020. The commitment to meet these objectives has been underlined with directives aimed at promoting the use of renewable energy sources, the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the improvement and extension of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) geologic storage of carbon dioxide and the public support for the actions aiming at environmental protection. The agreed energy-climate package means that EU member states are going to face many challenges, imposing on them the obligation to take a number of measurable steps towards implementation of these directives. On the one hand, the main objectives of the package fit very well into the concept of sustainable development, whilst, on the other, meeting these objectives is very costly and controversial, in particular for countries whose energy is based on conventional sources. What is the essence of the energy-climate package given the climate change theory and within the context of sustainable development? What has been the success of the realisation of the package so far? These are the main research questions in this paper.(original abstract)
EN
The ongoing, dynamic development of civilization is associated with the growing demand for energy. The use of traditional energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas is not only associated with an increase in environmental pollution, but also causes the depletion of natural resources. Renewable sources of energy are an alternative to non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels. The energy from renewable sources in Poland includes the energy from direct using solar radiation, wind, geothermal stores (from the inside of the earth), water and energy generated from solid biomass, biogas and liquid biofuels. The main objective of this article is to assess the changes occurring in the market of renewable energy in Poland. The changes in the structure of obtaining energy from renewable sources in Poland will be discussed and the linear ordering of countries according to the proportion of energy from renewable sources in total electricity production will be conducted on the basis of available data. The paper presents also the structure of production of electricity from renewable energy sources in Poland compared to other European Union countries.
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