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Chocenského spis o pouštění krve a jeho lékař̄ská terminologie

100%
Černá A. M.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2016
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vol. 139
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issue 3-4
315-337
EN
The books on bloodletting attributed to John Berka of Choceň (Jan Chocenský, 1494–1545 or 1548) – a doctor, Prague politician, the rector of the Prague University and printer – belonged to the most known and widespread phlebotomic treatises printed in the 16th century. The article demonstrates that Chocenský’s work was not original but based upon older treatises, especially those written by Křišťan of Prachatice. Then, it compares the three editions of Chocenský’s book (1532, 1538 and 1597) and shows that their language was deliberately adapted to the changes which Czech language underwent during that time. Later editions attest to the fact that publishers tried to make the text as comprehensible and exact as possible. The vocabulary of bloodletting was not very abundant and was rooted in the Medieval Czech: e.g. bloodletting through veins / cupping glasses – púštěti žilou/baňkami; strike / cut open a vein – zatíti/otevříti žílu; blood-letter (the person) – púštědlník; bloodletter (the instrument) – pušťadlo; cupping glass – baňka. The comparison with the 16th century dictionaries, published e.g. by Tomáš Rešelius and especially by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín, demonstrates that the vocabulary formed a stable part of the Czech Humanist language. At the same time, in comparison with the terminology of other branches, this vocabulary appears to have been limited in its development, not following the tendency to specification. This was the consequence of the fact that the method of bloodletting had been pushed off to the periphery of medical therapies and went to the hands of non-doctors – barbers and tonsorial practicians.
2
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Kronikářovy emoce

100%
Černá A.
Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica
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2017
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vol. 20
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issue 1
227-240
EN
Chronicler’s Emotions: The article is concerned with emotional manifestations in S1 text, Staré letopisy české (Old Czech Annals), where it is possible to study transformation of annals writing into more epic-like form resembling chronicle. In S1 text the chronicler’s subjective view is manifested by depicted events, as well as their evaluation, which in language presents itself by use of e.g. expressive language, figures of speech or unusual composition procedures.
3
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Vysvětlivky ve staročeském biblickém překladu prorockých knih

100%
Kreisingerová H.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2011
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issue 2(6)
211-222
EN
The paper is devoted to the translation of the explanatory notes in the text of the oldest Czech translation of the Bible. These are mostly short, one or several words parentheses, which were supplied by translators of the biblical text in places which they considered too difficult for Czech recipents (there are descriptions of some unknown biblical realia, explanations of some unusual poetic images, etc.). In the paper we described those notes and explored their possible pragmatic use. Particular focus was devoted to their potential to comprehend the text in the spirit of the Christian interpretation. In the final part comparison is offered with the old Czech translations.
4
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Staročeské interjekce hněvu a posměchu

88%
Voleková K.
Linguistica Copernicana
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2011
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issue 2(6)
203-209
EN
The paper focuses on the Old Czech interjections expressing anger and derision, present in texts from the 14th and 15th century. Two main types of interjections are discussed: the interjections based on physiological processes of a speaker (fí, pfí, pfuj) and the interjections imitating the animal voice (bú and mrau).
5

Staropolskie zamyślenia. Czy właściwie rozpoznajemy formy gramatyczne w tekstach źródłowych?

75%
Wanicowa Z.
Język Polski
|
2012
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vol. 92
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issue 2
92–101
EN
The past perfect of Old Polish verbs was a compound tense that was formed in 3. singularis masculini by combining the active past participle (participium praeteriti activi) ending with -ł and an auxiliary verb jest, for example niosł jest. In the 15th century, the auxiliary verb jest was already advanced in perishing. As a result of this process the active past participle ending with -ł (for example "niosł") became equal with 3. singularis masculini praeteriti "niosł". A contemporary researcher of Old Polish faces huge difficulties with noticing the problem at all as well as with establishing a proper form of a given verb. The article describes problems in this area and methods of solving them.
6
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Stará čeština v historické beletrii : reflexe jazykového konstruktu

51%
David J., Davidová Glogarová J., Klemensová T.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 2
111-125
EN
The goal of this study is to reflect upon the construction and use of the Old Czech language in Czech literary criticism, linguistics, and historical fiction. The usage of Old Czech – as a (re-)constructed language – in historical fiction, mostly in characters’ speech, is regarded as one of the elements that make fictional characters realistic and evoke the given historical period. Analyses of scholarly texts as well as of fiction have shown that the appearance of Old Czech in characters’ speech is not at the centre of the authors’ interest. From the literary criticism perspective, the ideas presented in the fiction and the problems of the given historical period are more important than historical language usage. The linguistics texts, if the linguistic aspects of historical fiction are in their scope, are concentrated predominantly on historical vocabulary usage. Linguists’ surprisingly marginal attention to this topic reflects the fact that authors of historical fiction did not use the Old Czech language construct and were not focused on it. If the construct was used, this was not done systematically over the whole text – it was frequently merely one aspect of a game played by the author with the readers (e.g. the imitation of an editor’s work with a “mediaeval” manuscript).
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