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EN
During the interwar period, plans arose in Czechoslovakia to construct three central sports sites, representing three interest groups in domestic physical education and sport: 1. Olympic/All Sports/National Stadium in Braník, promoted in particular by the Československý všesportovní výbor (the Czechoslovak All Sports Committee), in which the Czechoslovak Football Association was dominant; 2. Stadium for the State Physical Education Institute, which was to be built on land purchased by the state in Pankrác; 3, Strahov Stadium (from 1935 the Masaryk State Stadium) comprising a synchronised gymnastics and sports stadium, with the principal stadium used for mass gymnastics festivities, in particular Sokol synchronised mass gymnastics as organised by the Czech Sokol Community, sports – opened in 1935 for soccer, athletics and other sports. This study uses the controversy and discussions on these three projects to investigate conditions in the Czechoslovak sports community in the First Republic and its links to Czechoslovak politics.
EN
The aim of this article is to reconstruct, describe and explain the context in which representatives of the Polish Olympic movement took up the concept of the Central European Games under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee, as well as to answer the question about why this initiative, despite its potential importance for the development of the Olympic movement and its consequences in international politics, failed. The source base consisted mainly of archival documents stored in the Archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, the Central Military Archives in Warsaw and the Olympic Studies Center in Lausanne. The article established that the concept of the Central European Games, put forward in 1920 by Elwood Brown, was promoted in 1921–1922 by Polish Olympic movement activists Stefan Lubomirski and Edward Wittig, but did not gain the backing of members of the IOC, including Pierre de Coubertin himself, causing the project to eventually collapse. The reasons for the failure of the project were determined to be a lack of trust in Poland as a relatively new member of the IOC, doubts as to the apolitical character of the project, fears about its usefulness in the Olympic movement and the possible downgrading of the Olympic Games, and finally concern over the political repercussions in Central and Eastern Europe in the event of the successful completion of the project.
PL
Praca jest próbą rekonstrukcji, opisu i wyjaśnienia kontekstu podjęcia przez przedstawicieli polskiego ruchu olimpijskiego koncepcji Igrzysk Środkowoeuropejskich pod auspicjami Międzynarodowego Komitetu Olimpijskiego, a także odpowiedzi na pytanie o przyczyny niepowodzenia tej inicjatywy mimo jej potencjalnego znaczenia dla rozwoju ruchu olimpijskiego oraz następstw w polityce międzynarodowej. Bazę źródłową stanowiły głównie dokumenty archiwalne przechowywane w Archiwum Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Warszawie, Centralnym Archiwum Wojskowym w Warszawie oraz Ośrodku Studiów Olimpijskich w Lozannie. W artykule udało się ustalić, że koncepcja Igrzysk Środkowoeuropejskich, wysunięta w 1920 r. przez Elwooda Browna, w latach 1921–1922 była promowana przez polskich działaczy ruchu olimpijskiego, Stefana Lubomirskiego i Edwarda Wittiga, nie zdobyła jednak uznania członków MKOl z Pierre’em de Coubertinem na czele i ostatecznie upadła. Przyczyn niepowodzenia projektu można upatrywać w braku zaufania do Polski jako stosunkowo nowego członka MKOl, w wątpliwościach co do apolityczności przedsięwzięcia, w obawach o jego użyteczność w ruchu olimpijskim i ewentualne obniżenie rangi igrzysk olimpijskich, wreszcie w obawie o reperkusje polityczne w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w razie ewentualnego powodzenia projektu.
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