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Produktywność czynników w krajach OECD

100%

Growiec J., Marć Ł.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2009

vol. 234

issue 9

23-47

The paper aims to determine the single-factor productivity (SFP) of capital and labor in 20 member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 1970-2000. Calculated with the use of a parametric method based onnested constant-elasticity-of-substitution (CES) production functions,the SFP values are used to deal with three research issues: (1) determine the distribution of SFP among countries; (2) compare SFP between individual OECD countries and the United States in 2000 (such an analysis makes it possible to identify which factors are especially efficiently/inefficiently used in production by which countries); (3) conduct a dynamic analysis to check how the SFP of individual factors evolved in the analyzed countries in 1970-2000. The results obtained show that the key advantage of the United States over other OECD countries analyzed in terms of total factor productivity is based on a different level of endowment with individual production factors, specifically physical and human capital. Second, an increased SFP for skilled labor was the main factor (alongside factor accumulation) behind an increase in productivity in OECD countries in 1970-2000. In most countries, especially Japan, the SFP of capital also increased. The SFP of unskilled labor, on the other hand, decreased considerably, the authors note.

Wpływ przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych na fragmentaryzację produkcji i handel wewnątrzgałęziowy Polski z krajami OECD

88%

Cieślik A.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2008

vol. 227

issue 10

1-21

The article examines the role of multinational companies originating from OECD countries in the fragmentation of production processes in Poland. The author also discusses the ways in which multinational companies influence Poland’s foreign trade. Cieślik sets out to check if multinational companies contribute to the fragmentation of international production processes and if their operations lead to a growing proportion of intra-industry trade in Poland’s overall trade with individual OECD countries. The author verifies this hypothesis empirically, using panel data for 29 OECD countries for the 1994-2006 period. Statistical data for Poland’s foreign trade disprove the hypothesis. Empirical data obtained with the use of fixed and random effects estimators show that country-specific factors – rather than the operations of multinational companies – are responsible for the development of intra-industry trade between Poland and other OECD countries, Cieślik says. It thus turns out that incentives other than a desire to reduce production costs tend to be the key factors driving multinational companies in their business in Poland. Cieślik also dispels worries frequently voiced in developed countries that a growing number of businesses may be tempted to move labor-intensive stages of production to emerging markets such as Poland.

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2 Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

1 2009

1 2008

1 Cieślik A.

1 Growiec J.

1 Marć Ł.

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Produktywność czynników w krajach OECD

Wpływ przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych na fragmentaryzację produkcji i handel wewnątrzgałęziowy Polski z krajami OECD