Search results

1

Eucharystia - sakrament zbawienia dla wielu

100%

Witczyk H.

Verbum Vitae

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2002

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vol. 1

123-154

PL

Gesù durante la sua vita terrena si rivela come colui che va incontro alluomo. Ai malati porta la salute, ai peccatori il perdono, agli indemoniati la libertà, ai morti ridona la vita. In Lui si avvicina il Regno di Dio, incomincia il tempo della salvezza escatologica. Crea attorno a se una comunità damore composta dalle persone che vengono da Lui o attirate dalla sua bont. Le parole di Gesù e le sue opere rivelano la sua pro-esistenza salvifica. La salvezza anticipata nella terrestre pro-esistenza di Gesù raggiunge la sua pienezza nella sua Pasqua. In questo momento l'opera della salvezza raggiunge il suo apice: Gesù offre agli uomini se stesso. La croce di Cristo vissuta come sacrificio pasquale espia i peccati e permette ad ogni uomo di entrare nella nuova alleanza con Dio. La croce di Cristo è stata anticipata nellevento dell'Ultima Cena. Fra questi due eventi esiste inscindibile connessione. Lavvenimento dell'Ultima Cena consiste nel fatto che Gesù distribuisce il suo Corpo e il suo Sangue, ossia la sua esistenza, dando se stesso. La morte violenta di Gesù, vissuta nell'obbedienza filiale e nellamore, viene trasformata in un sacrificio volontario, in questatto damore che è la redenzione del mondo. In modo esplicito l'amore infinito di Cristo testimoniato sulla Croce viene rivelato nelle parole dell'Ultima Cena. L'Eucaristia è presenza del Sacrificio di Cristo che consiste nel sommo atto di donazione, dell'amore sino alla fine. Gesù, nelle parole dell'istituzione dell'Eucaristia esprime la verit salvifica che egli è il Sacrificio reale e definitivo. Dio aspetta quellamore infinito, che è lunica vera conciliazionefra cielo e terra.

2

„Godzina” Jezusa – Ofiara zbawczej męki, śmierci i zmartwychwstania

88%

Witczyk H.

Verbum Vitae

|

2005

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vol. 8

117-136

PL

Gesu durante la sua vita terrena si rivela come colui che va incontro all'uomo. Ai malati porta la salute, ai peccatori il perdono, agli indemoniati la liberta, ai morti ridona la vita. In Lui si avvicina il Regno di Dio. lncomincia il tempo della salvezza escatologica. Crea attorno a se una comunita d'amore composta dalie persone che vengono da Lui o attirate dalia sua bonta. Le parole di Gesu e le sue opere rivelano la sua pro-esistenza salvifica. La salvezza anticipata nellia terrestre pro-esistenza di Gesu - raggiunge la sua pienezza nella sua Pasqua. In questo momento l'opera delia salvezza raggiunge ił suo apice: Gesu offre agli uomini se stesso. La croce di Cristo - vissuta come sacrificio pasquale - espia i peccati e permette ad ogni uomo di entrare nella nuova alleanza con Dio. La croce di Cristo e stata anticipata nell'evento dell'Ultima Cena. Fra questi due eventi esiste inscindibile connessione. L'avvenimento dell'Ultima Cena consiste nel fatto che Gesu distribuisce il suo Corpo e il suo Sangue, ossia la sua esistenza terrena, dando se stesso. La morte violenta di Gesu, vissuta nell'obbedienza filiale e nell'amore, viene trasformata in un sacrificio volontario, in quest'atto d'amore che e la redenzione del mondo. In modo esplicito l'amore infinito di Cristo - testimoniato sulla Croce - viene rivelato nelle parole dell'Ultima Cena. L'Eucaristia e presenza del Sacrificio di Cristo che consiste nel sommo atto di donazione, dell'amore "sino alla fine". Gesu, nelle parole dell'istituzione dell'Eucaristia che provengono dalla terminologia sacrificale dell'Antico Testamento trasformata in linguaggio personale, esprime la verita salvifica che egli e il Sacrificio reale e definitivo. Dio non ha bisogno di tori e vitelli. Dio aspetta quell'amore infinito, che e l'unica vera conciliazione fra cielo e terra. Questo stesso amore donato nell'Eucaristia agli uomini espia i loro peccati, crea la nuova alleanza e porta loro nel regno di Dio.

3

Eucharystia celebracją ofiary paschalnej

75%

Nowak J.

Teologiczne Studia Siedleckie

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2015

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issue XII/12

111-121

PL

Treść artykułu nawiązuje do faktu paschy w czasach Starego Testamentu. Przybliża jej celebrację obrzędową. W Chrystusie nastąpiło wypełnienie wszystkich figur Starego Testa-mentu. Misterium paschalne wcielonego Syna Bożego jest zawarte w Eucharystii. Jego Ostatnia Wieczerza z uczniami w Wielki Czwartek stanowi granicę pomiędzy Starym a Nowym Testamentem. Jest równocześnie Pierwszą Wieczerzą Pańską.

EN

The content of the article refers to Passover in The Old Testament Times. It explains its ritual celebration. In Jesus Christ fulfilling of all figures of The Old Testament has hap-pened. Paschal mystery of Embodied Son of God is included in Eucharist. His Last Supper with the Twelve Disciples on Maundy Thursday is a bound between The Old and New Tes-taments. It is The First Lord’s Supper at the same time.

4

Mowa symboli i mowa form. Edgar Wind i Leo Steinberg przeciw zeświecczaniu Ostatniej Wieczerzy Leonarda da Vinci

75%

Pawlik R.

Stan Rzeczy

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2015

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issue 1(8)

92-116

PL

Wiosną 1952 roku Edgar Wind wygłosił dla radia BBC dwudziestominutową pogadankę na temat Ostatniej Wieczerz y Leonarda da Vinci („The Listener”, 8 May 1952). Dwadzieścia lat później obszerną rozprawę na ten sam temat opublikował Leo Steinberg („Art Quarterly” XXXVI, 1973). Każdy z autorów skonstruował swoją analizę obrazu zgodnie z przyjmowanym przez siebie rozumieniem zadań historii sztuki. Dla Edgara Winda było nim badanie symboli – odsłanianie zapomnianej lub dziś nieoczywistej ich wymowy. Leo Steinberg skupiał się przede wszystkim na wyjaśnianiu przesłania wyrażonego w języku form. Pomimo różnic podejścia w kilku kwestiach Wind i Steinberg byli zaskakująco zgodni: obaj odrzucili pokutujące od czasów Goethego oświeceniowe przekonanie, że w scenie Ostatniej Wieczerz y religijny temat jest zaledwie pretekstem do ukazania świeckiego w swej istocie dramatu zdrady. Obaj dostrzegli w malowidle Leonarda wyszukaną wizualną sumę chrześcijańskiej doktryny Zbawienia. Obaj starali się zrekonstruować teologiczny składnik odrodzeniowego sposobu percepcji wizerunków. Dla obu wreszcie rzeczywistym celem zwrotu ku teologii była chęć obrony godności sztuki w dobie postępującej jej marginalizacji.

EN

"In the spring of 1952 Edgar Wind gave a 20 minutes talk for radio BBC on the subject of Leonardo’s Last Supper („The Listener”, 8 May 1952). Twenty years later Leo Steinberg published a sizable paper on the same topic („Art Quarterly” XXXVI, 1973). Each of the authors based his analysis of the picture according to his personal understanding of the aims of history of art. For Edgar Wind it was the examination of symbols in order to reveal their forgotten or now no longer obvious meanings. Leo Steinberg concentrated above all on clarifying the message conveyed in the language of forms. In spite of the difference of approach both authors in several important points remained surprisingly unanimous. They rejected the Enlightenment conviction, lingering since the times of Goethe, that in the scene of Last Supper the religious theme is merely a pretext to display a basically secular drama of treachery. Both perceived Leonardo’s painting as an elaborate visual epitomy of Christian doctrine of Salvation. Both took pains to reconstruct the theological component of Renaissance mode of perceiving images in general. And finally for both the real objective of their turn to theology was the desire to defend the importance of art at the time of its increasing marginalization."

5

Pomimo zdrady (Mk 14,24)

75%

Malina A.

Verbum Vitae

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2003

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vol. 4

121-139

PL

Le parole di Gesu nell'Ultima Cena vanno interpretate alla luce delle alleanze veterotestamentarie e nel contesto immediato di tutto il racconto. La sorte dell'alleanza sinaitica dimostra che gli uomini non riescono a mantenerne gli impegni. Il suo fallimento costituisce il contesto dell'annuncio di una nuova alleanza (Ger 31,31-34). La prima parte del racconto dell'Ultima Cena rivela la presenza di un traditore tra i Dodici (14,18-21). L'annuncio non mira a scoprire l'identita di Giuda, ma serve a svelare il vero stato di tutto il gruppo. L'annuncio della prossima distruzione dei rapporti fra di loro e con Gesu sta in contrasto con la benedizone e con il ringraziamento che precedono rispettivamente le parole sui pane e sui calice. Queste parole annunciano l'inizio di una relazione reciproca e duratura fra Dio e gli uomini. Essa viene istituta nonostante il tradimento.

6

Znaczenie i symbolika pszenicy (Triticum L.) w konsekracji chleba eucharystycznego

63%

Mich K. A.

Nurt SVD

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2018

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issue 2

311-326

PL

Pszenica dla ludów Bliskiego Wschodu miała istotne znaczenie zarówno w gospodarce, jak i w sferze religijnej, ale to chrześcijaństwo wyniosło ją na pierwsze miejsce w świecie roślin. W artykule została podjęta próba zrozumienia znaczenia i symboliki pszenicy w konsekracji Eucharystii, bowiem bez pszenicy Msza Święta staje się nieważna. W pierwszej części autorka usiłowała odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaki chleb został użyty w trakcie Ostatniej Wieczerzy. W drugiej części przedstawiona została refleksja wczesnochrześcijańskich pisarzy na temat pszenicy i Eucharystii. Trzecia część ukazuje symboliczne znaczenie pszenicy w sztuce i pieśniach kościelnych, ostatnia zaś prezentuje pszenicę w kanonicznych normach prawnych. Podjęta także została kwestia użycia innej materii w sprawowaniu Eucharystii.

EN

Peoples of the Near East greatly valuded wheat in their daily economy and religious beliefs. Christianity accorded it the very top place among plants. The author of this essay penetrates deep into the meaning and symbolism of wheat in the consecration rite at the Eucharist. For without it, the whole thing is quite simply invalid. In the first part of her paper, the author attempts to identify the exact kind of bread used at the Last Supper. She then discusses a number of reflections from the earliest Christian writers on wheat and Eucharist, following it with a survey of direct allusions to it in Christian art and church hymns. She concludes her research with an overview of references to wheat in canon law and the problem of the use of other matter in the Eucharist.

7

Scott Hahn, Czwarty Kielich. Odkrywanie tajemnicy Ostatniej Wieczerzy i krzyża (Kraków: Esprit 2019)

63%

Kubiś A.

Verbum Vitae

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2019

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vol. 35

539-544

EN

Book review: Scott Hahn, Czwarty Kielich. Odkrywanie tajemnicy Ostatniej Wieczerzy i krzyża (Kraków: Esprit 2019). Ss. 191. PLN 21,90. ISBN 978-83-66061-68-2 = The Fourth Cup. Unveiling the Mystery of the Last Supper and the Cross (New York: Image 2018). Ss. 192. USD 12.45. ISBN 978-1-5247-5879-0

PL

Recenzja książki: Scott Hahn, Czwarty Kielich. Odkrywanie tajemnicy Ostatniej Wieczerzy i krzyża (Kraków: Esprit 2019). Ss. 191. PLN 21,90. ISBN 978-83-66061-68-2

8

The Dispute over the Date of the Last Supper. Its Chronology Revisited

63%

Rosik M.

Verbum Vitae

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2020

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vol. 38

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issue 1

EN

The article discusses the issue of alleged or real disagreements between John and the Synoptics regarding the dating of the Last Supper. After showing the elements of the Gospel narratives that portray the Last Supper as a paschal supper, the author outlines eight hypotheses regarding the dating of the Last Supper. Two of them seem to be the most convincing within the current state of research: the Jesus Passover hypothesis (a final Passover unique to Jesus and his followers) and the philological hypothesis.

9

Staurologiczno-rezurekcyjne wątki w malarstwie Salvadora Dalego

51%

Królikowski P.

Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej

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2016

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issue 23

123-157

EN

Salvador Dalí, one of the most famous Surrealist artists, and 20th century painters, highly imaginative, eccentric, know for his unusual behaviour, maybe best-known for his work ‘The Persistence of Memory’, was also the author of religious paintings. From them on the christological or rather staurological-resurrectional criterion can be distinguish group of paintings which in very original way are connected to paschal mystery’ themes. These pictures and their staurological-resurrectional contents are subject of this article. These pictures have been analysed in three points: Last Supper, Crucifixion, Resurrection. Dalí’s staurological-resurrectional works show thematic dependencies and relationships not only in the indicated groups but also between them. It shows Dalí’s coherent method of artistic expression – nuclear mysticism. In his painting this is a kind of synthesis mysticism and sciences, especially atomic and nuclear physics, in presentation religious contents, especially christological.Dalí’s works are not refer directly to paschal events, but present significance of Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection for whole universe, for all creation, and especially for a man. Dalí’s pictures shows that Christ by his death and resurrection transformed world in new creation, that He has been present in world history and waiting with an offer of salvation (especially in Eucharist) for every man, that He wants to bring all people and whole creation into heaven, and in this way complete His Ascension. Dalí shows heaven as reality very close to man, available for him at all the time. People can participate in heaven, if they are open to God’s reality. Dalí pictures helps to see that human life is in constant relationship to God which is not far away, but very close, although in another dimension.

10

Spotkania Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego z Ostatnią Wieczerzą, czyli trzy epizody z włoskiej podróży

51%

Chlebowski P.

Quart. Kwartalnik Instytutu Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego

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2015

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issue 2(36)

40-55

EN

The article discusses three ekphrases produced by Kraszewski referring to an execution of one pictorial topic, namely the Last Supper, consecutively the famous work executed by Leonardo da Vinci from Milan, Last Supper at present assigned to Perugino or Perugino’s school (whilst in the mid 19th century it was claimed Raphael’s work), and a fresco by Andrea del Sarto from San Salvi. The writer’s reports are inscribed in his European (or to be more precise, Italian) journey, and preserved on leaves of his Kartki z podróży (Pages from a Journey). The set of the descriptions concerning the grand art subject allows us to recognise a mechanism of description and evaluation of a work of art performed by the author of Stara baśń (An Ancient Tale). The analysed relations are undoubtedly marked by substantive and almost report-like approach. At the same time Kraszewski does not hide away his knowledge and erudition which derived from various specialist as well as fiction and popular editions, e.g. guide books of that time. The circumstances under which the works of art were created, historical and biographical facts concerning the painters, anecdotes and legends, etc. function as not only introductory and preparatory elements but first of all – as an acoustic background of the writer’s account, which makes it sound more fully and louder. Kraszewski does not hide his emotional and subjective approach to the viewed and contemplated by him piece of art, what can be seen at the level of the very description, which despite its substantive and objective form, does not purport to be a complete one as in case of scientific or even popular scientific approach, but also at the level of formulating judgement. These reflections have their basis in an axiological intention, which is born at the moment when the descriptor reveals a crucial sense of a pictorial message. A “literary” or a “semantic” factor becomes an essential one. To a large extent it defines Kraszewski’s style of reception. In case of Sarto’s Supper, where a simple equivalent in a form of a deeper verbalized sense is lacking (as it was not the artist’s aim, he wanted to achieve for instance external beauty or technical proficiency), the judgement and evaluation are strident and clearly negative. Whereas, in case when the sense is the basis of a work of art, the descriptor focuses on revealing it, and subordinates to it all elements of his relation. The sensu stricto literary categories introduced by Kraszewski in his descriptions of works of art by Leonardo and a supposed one by Raphael tend to reveal axiological inside of the reality – motion and life (seen in drama, or even scenic categories), and silence before the storm (in categories of epic order and epic sensitivity).

11

Istota Kościoła według Josepha Ratizngera

51%

Góźdź K.

Teologia w Polsce

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2017

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vol. 11

|

issue 1

5-15

PL

Kościół jest ludem Bożym, który żyje Ciałem Chrystusa i w celebrowaniu Eucharystii sam staje się Ciałem Chrystusa.

EN

The author puts forwards a hypothesis relating to the interpretation of the thought ofmJoseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI concerning the essence of the Church as the Body of Christ. Jesus Christ built His Church in a visible form through His choice of the Twelve, who were called to build a special community with Him. By building the Church, the Apostles participated in Christ’s earthly mission. The essence of the Church does not lie in the very fact of its apostolic foundation, but in the event of the Last Supper, that is of the Eucharist, which marks the actualization of the Church. The Eucharist concretizes the Body of Christ in its “physical” and its risen dimension (Corpus Christi verum) as well as its social form, where Jesus is the Head of the body of all the baptised faithful (Corpus Christi mysticum), that is in the aspect of the integral Church. The Eucharist is a manifestation of both, the individual Body of Christ (“This is my Body” 1 Cor 11:24; Mk 14:22b) and the “social” Body of Christ’s Church. Therefore, the essence of the Church is the community of Christ with the baptised faithful, whose sacramental participation actualizesf the Body of Christ through the Eucharist (“He is the Head of the Body – the Church” Col 1:18; cf. Eph 1:10; and we are “the Body of Christ and each of you is a part of it” 1 Cor 12:27, cf. 12:12–13). In other words, the essence of the Church lies in its being the Istota Kościoła według Josepha Ratzingera Body of Christ in both of its aspects: individual and social, which are actualized through the Eucharist. Ratzinger himself also puts it in the following manner: “The Church is the People of God through the Body of Christ.” In this sense, the Church is not only a sacramental sign (signum), but it is a matter of fact (res). This is how Ratzinger advocates the original Christian idea of a strong link between the Church and the Eucharist. By doing so, he opts for the full ontical, realist approach to theology, refuting the idealist stance. For Ratzinger, the Church is more than a sign. It constitutes the full reality of Christ as its Head in communion with the faithful as members of His Body.

12

Eucharystia u Homera?

51%

Piasecki D.

Vox Patrum

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2018

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vol. 69

561-572

EN

The article attempts to answer the question: is it possible to represent the Last Supper of Jesus and His Apostles by means of verses selected from Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey. The Homeric Cento no. 40, which emphasizes the community of Christ’s table with His disciples, has been a subject of my analysis. The specific selection of Homeric verses, with some minor modifications, allowed the centonist to construct a new text with a completely different context and content, reflecting both the reality of the Upper Room and the establishment of the Eucharist by Jesus.

13

"Ostatnia Wieczerza" Pawła Huellego (i Jany Unuk) jako konfrontacja z tradycją, z własną i cudzą kulturą

51%

Tokarz B.

Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich

|

2013

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vol. 4

|

issue 1

185-207

SL

Slovenski prevod romana Zadnja večerja Pawła Huelleja je izšel leta 2010, komaj tri leta po izidu izvirnika, prevedla ga je Jana Unuk. Miselna shema Zadnje večerje (kot podlaga stereotipa), ki jo sestavljajo skupna večerja Jezusa in apostolov na način daritvene gostije, Jezusova vednost o Judeževi izdaji, lastnem mučeništvu in žrtvovanju ter preobrazba in sporočilo vere — obsega strukturo celotnega romana. Stereotip je vključen v kontekst sodobnih dogajanj kot argument širšega dialoga na temo skupnosti, svobode, izdaje, vere in umetnosti. Jana Unuk je pri prenašanju smisla in ideje izvirnika v slovensko kulturo glede na uresničeni jezikovni transfer do določene mere soustvarjalka romana. Kljub prevajalkini zvestobi izvirniku in njenim prevajalskim veščinam miselna shema Zadnje večerje, naravnana na prihodnost, zaradi drugačne pragmatike slovenskega jezika in nekoliko drugačne kulturne imaginacije ni dosegla vseh potencialov izvirnika (zbujajočih upanje). Ko izvirnik vstopa v ciljno kulturo, privzema njene lastnosti celo na ravni prevoda tako univerzalnih stereotipov, kot so religiozni stereotipi.

EN

In 2010, only three years after the Polish edition, a translation by Jana Unuk of the novel Ostatnia Wieczerza (‘The Last Supper’) by Paweł Huelle appeared. The mental schema of The Last Supper (the basis of a stereotype), which is in the character of a sacrificial feast and consists of: the shared supper of Jesus and the apostles, the knowledge of Jesus about the betrayal by Judas, about His own martyrdom, sacrifice and transubstantiation and the message of faith, covers the structure of the entire novel. The stereotype has been introduced into the context of the contemporary events as an argument of a broader dialogue on the topic of community, freedom, betrayal, religion and art. In a way, Jana Unuk has become a co-author of the novel by transferring the sense and the idea of the original version to the Slovenian culture, due to the performed language transfer. Despite the faithfulness to the original and the translation art of the translator, the mental schema of The Last Supper that is oriented upon the future did not receive the potentiality of the original (giving hope) because of the different pragmatics of the Slovenian language and its slightly different cultural conception.

14

Wieczerza Pańska – „pamiątka” Chrystusowej męki, śmierci i zmartwychwstania jako ekspiacyjnej Ofiary „za wielu” i Ofiary Nowego Przymierza (1 Kor 11,23-27; Łk 22,19-20)

51%

Witczyk H.

The Biblical Annals

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2018

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vol. 8

|

issue 4

545-565

EN

Research on the role of oral tradition (orality) in the process of Gospel and Pauline letters composition provides a basis for the synchronic reading of the traditions on the Last Supper (Matt 26:26-29; Mark 14:22-24; Luke 22:14-14-20; 1 Cor 11:23-26). The author, taking into consideration the data contained in the mentioned textual traditions, seeks an answer to the question of what Jesus recommended to his disciples in the Cenacle by saying: “Do this in remembrance of me” (Luke 22:19; 1 Cor 11:24). The author enters into a polemic with the latest theories according to which Jesus intended to celebrate the Last Supper as a “covenant sacrifice”, precisely speaking a “feast of covenant”. Through the analysis of the formulas pronounced over bread and wine, which take into consideration the texts on the suffering and death of Jahwe’s Servant (Isa 53), the author seeks to demonstrate that Jesus applied to his death the sense of the sacrifice of expiation which also establishes the New Covenant. To interpret the formulas only in light of “covenant sacrifice/feast” means to radically diminish the meaning of the prophetic words and gestures of Jesus from the Last Supper.

15

Miłość, błogosławieństwo, zdrada

51%

Białowąs A. M.

Scriptura Sacra

|

2019

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issue 23

43-97

EN

The idea behind this work is to present love, blessing and betrayal as the main themes of the 13th Chapter in the Gospel of St John. The aim, which was to present the theological conclusions obtainable from St John’s recount of the Last Supper, was completed through the analysis of John 13:1-30, by the help of Hebrew biblical rhetoric. This method, which mainly focuses on revealing the relation between smaller units of the text, making up the whole text, helps to develop the understanding of the message, which the author of the last Gospel wished to convey to the reader. This work has been presented in the form of three chapters, the first of which was dedicated to the overall structure of the text, aswell as the analysis of its smaller units. Delimitation, which is the first stage, made it possible to obtain the sequence from the 13th Chapter of John’s Gospel, contained in verses 1-30. The next division pointed towards seven parts, forming 3 fragments, of which the dependence was described in the second paragraph. In the final paragraph, the entirety of the text was depicted and appropriate titles were assigned to the fragments composed, on the basis of the general topics they mention and describe. The research conducted, enabled the extraction of essential expressions and ideas, which functioned as a starting point to compare them with the parts of the Bible, in which they appear. The biblical context was an essential stage of the analysis, which lead interpreting the parts described in the first chapter. The 3rd and final Chapter was dedicated to the theological conclusions present in the three major themes of the sequence, such as love, blessing and betrayal. Individual paragraphs point to the meaning of love and blessing in the context of the Old and New Testaments, and portray Judas, as the one who betrayed Jesus. The conclusion of each paragraph ended with a sub-section showing the impact of these three concepts on the theology of the analyzed unit.

PL

Celem artykułu było ukazanie miłości, błogosławieństwa i zdrady jako głównych tematów 13. rozdziału Ewangelii Jana. Cel, jakim było przedstawienie wniosków teologicznych wypływających z Janowego opisu Ostatniej Wieczerzy, został zrealizowany poprzez analizę tekstu J 13,1-30 za pomocą hebrajskiej retoryki biblijnej. Metoda retoryczna, która skupia się przede wszystkim na wskazaniu relacji wewnątrz opracowywanego tekstu i między mniejszymi jednostkami, tworzącymi całościową kompozycję tekstu, pomaga pogłębić przesłanie, jakie autor ostatniej Ewangelii pragnął przekazać czytelnikowi. Praca nad tekstem została przedstawiona w trzech syntetycznych punktach. Pierwszy punkt został poświęcony kompozycji tekstu oraz analizie jego mniejszych jednostek. Delimitacja, będąca etapem inicjalnym, pozwoliła wydzielić z 13. rozdziału Ewangelii Jana sekwencję zawartą w ww. 1-30. Kolejny podział wskazał siedem części, tworzących trzy fragmenty, których zależności zostały opisane w 2. podpunkcie. W ostatnim podpunkcie została ukazana całościowa kompozycja badanego tekstu i nadano tytuły utworzonym fragmentom na podstawie głównych tematów z nich wypływających. Przeprowadzone badanie pozwoliło wyodrębnić z tekstu istotne wyrażenia i idee, które posłużyły jako punkt wyjścia do porównania ich z innymi miejscami w Piśmie Świętym, w których występują. Kontekst biblijny był niezbędnym etapem analizy, prowadzącym do interpretacji części przedstawionych w punkcie 1. Punkt trzeci w całości poświęcony został wnioskom teologicznym zawartym w trzech głównych tematach sekwencji, tj. miłości, błogosławieństwu i zdradzie. W poszczególnych podpunktach wskazano znaczenie miłości i błogosławieństwa na tle Starego i Nowego Testamentu oraz przybliżono postać Judasza, jako tego, który zdradził Jezusa. Każdy z podpunktów został zakończony wnioskiem, ukazującym wpływ tych trzech rzeczywistości na teologię analizowanej jednostki.

16

Ostatnia Wieczerza a Wieczerza Paschalna

51%

Szurek T.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

|

2021

|

vol. 30

|

issue 2

69-81

PL

Passover is the first and most important Jewish feast. That celebration was governed by many customs and orders contained in the Mishna – an essential part of the Talmud. The course of the paschal supper (seder pesach) was also clearly established, identifying and explaining each element of the common celebration of the Exodus. Just before his death, Jesus, along with his disciples, wanted to eat the Last Supper, which was rooted in the rites of Judaism. Taking into account the correlation between the Last Supper and the Paschal Supper, two concepts can be identified – the first, represented by Louise Bouyer, assumes that Jesus did not associate the institution of the Eucharist with rites specific only to the Passover feast. This “incomplete” dependence on the Passover allowed Christ’s disciples to reinterpret these rites in a Christian way. Joachim Jeremias takes a slightly different position, proposing the hypothesis about the institution of the Eucharist in the “atmosphere” of Passover. According to the passages from the New Testament Jesus made many references to the course of the Passover feast, such as eating in Jerusalem, starting after sunset, breaking bread after the first course, and singing Hallel at the end of the feast. However, it also introduces many new themes that allow us to conclude that the Last Supper was something that stood out from the rules of Judaism – it was the Passover of Jesus.

17

Istota Kościoła według Josepha Ratzingera

51%

Góźdź K.

Teologia w Polsce

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2017

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vol. 11

|

issue 1

5-15

EN

The author puts forwards a hypothesis relating to the interpretation of the thought of Joseph Ratzinger – Benedict XVI concerning the essence of the Church as the Body of Christ. Jesus Christ built His Church in a visible form through His choice of the Twelve, who were called to build a special community with Him. By building the Church, the Apostles participated in Christ’s earthly mission. The essence of the Church does not lie in the very fact of its apostolic foundation, but in the event of the Last Supper, that is of the Eucharist, which marks the actualization of the Church. The Eucharist concretizes the Body of Christ in its “physical” and its risen dimension (Corpus Christi verum) as well as its social form, where Jesus is the Head of the body of all the baptised faithful (Corpus Christi mysticum), that is in the aspect of the integral Church. The Eucharist is a manifestation of both, the individual Body of Christ (“This is my Body” 1 Cor 11:24; Mk 14:22b) and the “social” Body of Christ’s Church. Therefore, the essence of the Church is the community of Christ with the baptised faithful, whose sacramental participation actualizes of the Body of Christ through the Eucharist (“He is the Head of the Body – the Church” Col 1:18; cf. Eph 1:10; and we are “the Body of Christ and each of you is a part of it” 1 Cor 12:27, cf. 12:12–13). In other words, the essence of the Church lies in its being the Body of Christ in both of its aspects: individual and social, which are actualized through the Eucharist. Ratzinger himself also puts it in the following manner: “The Church is the People of God through the Body of Christ.” In this sense, the Church is not only a sacramental sign (signum), but it is a matter of fact (res). This is how Ratzinger advocates the original Christian idea of a strong link between the Church and the Eucharist. By doing so, he opts for the full ontical, realist approach to theology, refuting the idealist stance. For Ratzinger, the Church is more than a sign. It constitutes the full reality of Christ as its Head in communion with the faithful as members of His Body.

PL

Kościół jest ludem Bożym, który żyje Ciałem Chrystusa i w celebrowaniu Eucharystii sam staje się Ciałem Chrystusa.

18

Eucharystia między historią a eschatologią

45%

Migut B.

Roczniki Teologiczne

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2016

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vol. 63

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issue 8: Liturgika

43-56

EN

The article presents a model of eschatology in the light of the history of Salvation, in which the parousia is seen not only as the ultimate coming of Jesus Christ but also as “revelation— ἀποκάλυψις [apokalypsis]” and “epiphany—ἐπιφάνεια [epiphaneia].” This model of eschatology is derived from the Divine Revelation present in the Holy Bible and allows us to comprehend the eschatology of the apostolic era in the proper manner as Eucharistic eschatology. The paradigm for this eschatology is St Stephen’s vision of Christ during his martyr’s death (Acts 7:55–56). The best example of Eucharistic eschatology is the Gospel of St Luke, where the Eucharist is firmly tied with the reality of the Kingdom of God. After Christ’s resurrection each Eucharist constitutes participation in the eschatological feast in which the Master of Heaven and Earth serves the participants and gives Himself as nourishment. The very eternity is the Eucharist fulfilled.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia historiozbawczy model eschatologii, w którym paruzja postrzegana jest nie tylko ostateczne przyjście Jezusa Chrystusa, ale też jako „objawienie – ἀποκάλυψις [apokalypsis]” i „ukazanie – ἐπιφάνεια [epiphaneia]”. Ten model eschatologii wyrasta z Objawienia Bożego w Piśmie Świętym i pozwala właściwie pojmować eschatologię czasów apostolskich jako eschatologię eucharystyczną. Paradygmatem tej eschatologii jest wizja Chrystusa, jaką miał św. Szczepan w chwili swej męczeńskiej śmierci (Dz 7, 55-56). Najlepszym przykładem eschatologii eucharystycznej jest Ewangelia św. Łukasza, gdzie Eucharystia powiązana jest mocno z rzeczywistością Królestwa Bożego. Po zmartwychwstaniu Chrystusa każda Eucharystia jest udziałem w eschatologicznej uczcie, podczas której Pan Nieba i Ziemi usługuje, dając siebie jako pokarm. Sama wieczność jest spełnioną Eucharystią.

19

COVID-19 a łamanie chleba w kontekście Paschy Jezusa

38%

Sienkiewicz E.

Studia Paradyskie

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2020

|

issue 30

1-37

PL

Pandemia COVID-19, nie tylko spowodowała wielki kryzys w wielu dziedzinach ludzkiego życia, ale również odsłoniła liczne słabości, dotąd bagatelizowane lub nieuświadamiane. Dotyczy to również Kościoła. Kościół, założony przez Jezusa Chrystusa jako wspólnota wiary w Jego zmartwychwstanie, powinien jednoczyć rozdzielane w Starym Testamencie: świątynię, w której składano ofiary, i dom, w którym spoży- wano Paschę. Podstawą tego jednoczenia i zarazem wypełnieniem obietnicy, oczekiwanym w starotestamentowym – paschalnym wymiarze – jest Eucharystia. Pandemia, pociągając za sobą daleko idące ograniczenia w sprawowaniu kultu chrześcijańskiego, spowodowała pod tym względem sytuację określaną jako nadzwyczajną. W wielu miejscach prowadziło to do nowego spojrzenia – przez bardzo konkretne doświadczenia – na rzeczywistość domu i Kościoła. Nadzwyczajne okoliczności, nazywane czasem kryzysowymi, wymagały nowych rozwiązań, pozwalających z wiarą przeżywać ów stan kryzysowy i doświadczać działania Boga. Domagały się również teologicznej refleksji. Jak się okazuje, doświadczenia starożytnego Izraela, związane z objawiającym się w historii tego ludu Bogiem, mogą bardzo pomóc w rozumieniu i przeżywaniu pandemicznej rzeczywistości przez chrześcijan. Dzieje te bowiem zdają się wyznaczać dwa pod- stawowe etapy: wędrówki i osiedlenia w ziemi obiecanej. Izrael przeżywał je i rozumiał w kontekście Paschy i Przymierza, a także Ofiary i Świątyni. Dostosowywał również do nich istotne elementy kultu, aby wiara była odpowiedzią na konkretne doświadczenia i wyzwania. Wszystkie te elementy obecne są również w Chrystusowym Kościele, który wyrasta i żyje z Eucharystii – łamania chleba. Pandemia COVID-19 uświadomiła wielu nie tylko ciągłość wiary Izraela i wierzących w Chrystusa. Ukazała również potrzebę odwoływania się do konkretnych, dawnych doświadczeń narodu Starego Przymierza. Jedno i drugie po to, aby lepiej rozumieć i dobrze przeżywać wydarzenia – także te trudne – już w Nowym Przymierzu i wciąż w paschalnym wymiarze.

XX

The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused a great crisis in many areas of human life but also exposed numerous weaknesses, for example, in the Church. The Catholic Church, founded on Jesus Christ as a community of faith in his resurrection, should unite the Old Testament sanctuary and the house where the Passover was eaten. The Eucharist is the basis for this union and, at the same time, the fulfilment of the promise expected in the Old Testament. The pandemic, entailing far-reaching limitations in Christian worship, caused an extraordinary situation in this respect. In many places, this has led to a new perspective on the realities of home and church. Extraordinary circumstances, sometimes called crises, required new solutions that would allow us to experience this crisis with faith. They also demanded theological reflection. The experiences of ancient Israel with God as he appeared in history can help Christians understand the reality of the pandemic. This history consists of two basic stages: the journey to and the settlement of the Promised Land. Israel understood these stages in the context of the Passover and the Covenant, as well as the Sacrifice and the Temple. They also adjusted the essential elements of worship to them so that faith would respond to specific experiences and challenges. All these elements are also present in Christ’s Church, which grows and lives from the Eucharist – the breaking of bread. The COVID-19 pandemic not only showed the continuity of faith from Israel to today’s believers in Christ but also revealed the need to refer to specific past experiences of the Old Covenant people, which helps us understand difficult situations in the New Covenant through the Paschal dimension.

20

Jan Sobieski jako czytelnik Biblii w świetle Listów do Marysieńki

38%

Pawłowski R.

Tematy i Konteksty

|

2016

|

issue 6(11)

155-162

EN

To date, studies of Jan Sobieski’s letters have meticulously been setting aside biblical reminiscences, which occur over the entire set of his enormous epistles to his wife. Not entirely seriously, we can say that the fame of military perfection and literary excellence overshadow subtle and occasional references to the Bible. Biblical references uncover for the reader an image of a humble man subordinated to God’s will, who wants to atone for his sins and transgressions in his lifetime. In the power of God he was also looking for relief and answers when his conjugal life was not doing best. Sobieski was also deeply convinced of the immutability of God’s judgments which were always faultless (providentialism).

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