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EN
This paper shows Mary as the pattern of participation in the Holy Mass. Mary as 'the Woman of the Eucharist' not only is present in the Liturgy and in liturgical texts (most often by way of mentioning), but her presence is mystical and spiritual. Thus Mary's example rears the participants of the Mass how to become the people of the Eucharist. Special formative moments are the following: Mary's attitude towards the word of God proclaimed at the Mass, prayer of the faithful, preparations of the gifts, worship of God, fellow offering at the Mass, and during the Communion. Mary therefore helps a conscious, full, and fruitfull participation in the Holy Mass in the spirit of the Second Vatican Council.
EN
Alternative futures oriented to contemporary global problems solutions and risk management are related to citizens' ability to learn how to become global (cosmopolitan) citizens. Important conditions for that should be analyzed within the processes and conditions shaped by globalization of media and communication. This learning has not been institutionalized so far (as in the education), and it is a result of rather indirect social interaction. Individuals are embedded into complex network of the global information flows and, at the same time, they are members of their national and local communities. Cosmopolitan individual is a virtual member of a global community. Social analysis with ethical reflection should study with more attention global media as one of the key globalizing actors shaping the public space of communication with the power to form and deform cosmopolitan participation.
EN
The article describes the conditions of implementing the employee's participation in management and analyzes the differences that are observed in European, Japanese and American companies. Moreover, Author shows different participation approaches, connected with culture, tradition and experiences of enterprises. That's why there is no participation model, which could be recommended to be used in most global companies.
EN
The aim of this paper is a systematic description and classification of the deliberative poll (DP) as a potentially innovative method of participation in health policy. The paper discusses the theory of deliberative democracy and a specific method of deliberative polling, as well as examples of its application, along with critical commentary. It summarises the characteristics of DP: advantages and disadvantages, as well as conditions for proper application. In this context an important distinc tion is made between two ideal types of participation: co-decision and consultation. A key feature of the latter is its advisory, and not decisive, character. DP is considered an example of such non-decisive, consultative participation.
EN
The reputation of every institution depends on people who are participating on its formation. High professional level of the Institute of Ethnology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences is determined by fellow researchers, scientists bringing science to the society, and - in my eyes - outstanding people. They made a big contribution to the formation of the scientific institution as well as ethnology as a scientific discipline.
EN
The subject of the present analysis is the notion of the common good. The elementary expression adopted here is “x participating in y as a” – symbolically: x E part (y,a) The basic system is elementary ontology enriched with axioms B1 –B4,which are an interpretation of Frege`s predication scheme (with specific axioms A1-A4). Functor D, which appears in the context x E Dya read as “x is common good y being a” is introduced by definition. The functor`s special cases D, and D,, appear in context x E D,ya and x E D,,ya, which are respectively read as “x is common good being a only for y”and “x is common good being a not only for y”. The phrases x E DW and x E y as D a are also considered and read respectively as: “x is common good” and “x is y as common good being a”. These phrases are special cases of the derelativization of the functor of common good from the x E Dya context.
EN
The paper presents a non-conventional approach to non-participation in survey-respondents' behaviour. The topic of the analysis is the attitudes to certain minorities in the population - sexual minorities, people with body and mental handicap. These sexual and bodily forms of otherness are being discussed in the conceptual framework of cultural and intimate citizenship. Empirical data indicate a significantly higher incidence of respondents' refusal to answer questions concerning conditions, chances and needs of citizens with above mentioned otherness - as compared to assessing conditions of other minorities; simultaneously, claims for help from the society are significantly less acknowledged for these groups. A demographic profile of the most frequently 'refusing' respondents is characteristic by certain education, age and residence size. Results are discussed in the context of the overall value-background in Slovakia, its political development, and current discourses on sexual and bodily otherness.
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EN
This paper examines young adults' orientations to citizenship in Britain, drawing on surveys of random samples of 18-24 year olds. A range of experiences, behaviour and attitudes are explored including: citizenship education, voting, attitude to voting, party affiliation, participation in clubs and societies and engagement with social and political issues. These questions have been asked at a time when citizenship is on many agendas and there is much concern about the apparent apathy of young people regarding local, national and supranational issues. In Britain, some commentators hoped that the advent of a Scottish parliament would help re-engage young people in Scotland with politics and citizenship. This paper compares young people living in Edinburgh, Scotland with young people living in Manchester, an equivalent sized city in England. Like previous research, our data show that while young people are interested in social and political issues they do not focus their concerns on engagement with formal political systems. Many hold negative views about politics, such as feeling that they have little control over what the government does. However, young people's disaffection with voting is somewhat lower in Edinburgh than Manchester despite no greater faith in political parties. This may be an effect of the Scottish parliament. At the same time, young people in Edinburgh are only slightly more likely to be involved in associations and no more likely to be interested in and engaged with a range of wider social and political issues. If there is an effect of devolution on active citizenship, it is, at least for this cohort of young citizens, a very modest one.
EN
The paper outlines the issues of civic education within the context of contemporary European trends, educational initiatives and approaches to the civic education. From this perspective, school curricular documents, their changes carried out during the political transformation of the Slovak society as well as students' achievements in the IEA Civic Education Study are analyzed and evaluated. The research is focused on study how the school graduates of several generations reflect and evaluate the impact of school civic education and on identification the potential stimuli and sources of active civic participation. The results show the minimal influence of school on the current civic attitudes of respondents regardless of their age. From among other possible sources of investigated active citizenship, it was the effect of membership in social organizations and in informal social structures that was assessed as the most significant.
EN
Islamic modes are asset-based and entail real economic activity and undertaking responsibility or liability. The modes that form the basics of Islamic finance belong to participatory or profit/loss sharing (PLS) or risk-sharing techniques and as such are considered the most desirable modes by the majority of jurists on Islamic finance. Two contracts, namely Mudarabah and Musharakah, that lend themselves to the system of profit/loss sharing are based on the concept of Shirkah. In Musharakah all parties contribute to the joint business and work for it; in Mudarabah, one party contributes funds and the other acts as entrepreneur and the profit is shared in a predetermined, mutually agreed ratio.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2008
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vol. 36
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issue 3
17-43
EN
After a brief introduction to the problem of imagination (understood as an object of philosophical inquiry), the author establishes his principal distinction between two kinds of imagination: representing and participating. He also proposes a more detailed analysis of the latter, including a review of his privileged metaphors (source and warmth) and conceptual connections (presence and participation). Moreover, the article is devoted to the question of the relation between the philosophy of presence and the philosophy of absence, approached from an imaginative perspective. In conclusion, the author presents theses concerning philosophical activity itself, which is developed along the following lines: experience - vision - notion.
EN
The EU Cohesion Policy requires the interaction of the public, private and non-profit sectors in policy making. The Czech Republic presents an ideal case study for identifying the major obstacles to the successful implementation of this approach since Czech citizens evaluate Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in their country as having less capacity to influence policies at the lowest level than NGOs in any other EU member state. The goal of the study is to identify and explain the determinants of success and failure regarding NGOs’ participation in designing public programmes. The methodology includes a combination of in-depth interviews with NGO representatives and public servants, a review of official documents, a focus group, and a stakeholders’ review of the study’s conclusions. The main obstacles to the implementation of the partnership principle are the following: NGOs’ insufficient capacities and responsibilities; fluctuations in the participation of public servants and NGO representatives; dependence of partnership on personal contacts; NGOs’ late entry and the non-consultative, informative character of the partnership.
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EN
‘INVOLVED ART’ BY ARTUR ŻMIJEWSKI Tryka describes a relationship between Artur Żmijewski’s artistic practice and his theoretical deliberations on involved art. Żmijewski’s conception of art, expressed in a manifesto Applied Social Arts, is discussed in the context of aesthetical conception of art. Tryka starts with the description of his artistic manifesto entitled ‘Applied social arts’, which is one of most influential voice in the debate on the role of involved art in contemporary culture in Poland. Theoretical questions from the manifesto connected with the metaphor of art as algorithm, the alienation of art and possibilities of its overcoming fill the first paragraphs of the paper. In the second part, Tryka described two projects by Żmijewski entiltled ‘Democracies’ and sculptural plain-air entitled ‘Memories of Celulose’. She compared them with Żmijewski’s ideas and interpreted them in philosophical context. Żmijewski believed that the value of art cannot be measured in the context of aesthetics but only in the context of its ability to influence social and political events. He considered art as social tool which could be used to studying and forming social relations. Moreover, artists should contribute to people’s involvement in artistic activities, and in forming people’s worldviews. They should be able to develop and explore creative potential of people who aren’t yet interested in art and they should be able to properly evaluate cooperation between people.
EN
This study is concerned with the issue of public space in contemporary social changes. The author believes that the key phenomenon in the process which is generally designated as globalisation is the speeding-up of development, an acceleration of changes in attitudes, models, values, and technologies. This cultural acceleration has a fundamental influence also on the perception of space and time. Since the mid-20th century at the latest, the category of space has come to the attention of sociocultural anthropology. The fundamental question to be explored is the mutual influence of space and social processes. Public space plays an important role also in the renewal and development of settlements, whether through the utilisation of social relationships or through cultural values (social and cultural capital). Finally, the author presents the relationship of inhabitants to the public spaces, taking the examples of Bratislava- Petržalka and Stupava. He shows how these spaces also contribute to the creation and construction of the residents’ relationship to the settlement. The involvement of residents in decision-making, in his view, is not just an expression of democracy at the local level but also a means of building a relationship and feeling of responsibility towards the locality, and a precondition for the sustainability of accomplished changes.
EN
Academic considerations regarding creativity and the status of authors in the 21st century cannot miss such important field as the Internet and corresponding new technologies. The aim of this article is to track and describe the social change in regard to creativity and its effects. The authors describe key contemporary theoretic approaches regarding the concept of creativity, pointing out that new social formations profit from the (re)democratization of the creative process thanks to popularization and common access to the Internet. The paper deals with such issues as democratization of creativity online, participatory culture and participatory inequity. The authors outline why those who actively create cultural goods online – the elite, now called the digitariat, the prosuments or the netocrats – are of special interest these days.
EN
WHO KNOWS BETTER: DIFFERENT APPROACHES TOWARDS PARTICIPATION The main aim of this article is to show how architects, authorities and citydwellers consider participation in a range of widely understood city space, how they use this space and enforce their rights to it and why participants should have to professionalize their work, which was one of the main stimulants of the birth of urban movements in Poland. Prośniewski analyzes some ideas of the participation in architecture, an example of which is Giancarlo De Carlo who, together with his students, designed a medical campus at the University of Louvain (Belgium) and Lucien Kroll who was convinced that architecture can gain back its credibility only by way of participation. The article also quotes arguments of Markus Meissen, who created a conflict interpretation of the participation and stated that participation should be used in a limited amount. The second part of this article focuses on two kinds of the participation: passive and active. The first one relies on taking part in the process of planning (from making remarks to local zoning plans to multi-stage public consultations). Although formally each citizen has a right to do so, enforcing that is hard and often inefficient. That’s why citizen initiatives seem to little change this status quo. At the same time local authorities take steps towards inclusion of citizens into the decision-making process. The second kind of participation (active participation) assumes that citizens take part not only in the process of planning but hey are also engaged (in cooperation with local authorities, non-governmental organizations, architects) in realization of such projects. Active participation is shown by activities of ‘Odblokuj’ Association which developed their projects in Praga-Północ and Targówek districts in Warsaw, and Architecture Collective Assemble (their work in Liverpool was awarded the Turner Prize). Active participation is connected with spontaneous expressions by the citizens (e.g. guerrilla gardening).
PL
Nowe technologie mogą wywoływać kontrowersje społeczne: po pierwsze, ich rozwój i stosowanie mogą bezpośrednio skutkować oporem społecznym i konfliktami, jak dzieje się na przykład w przypadku biotechnologii, energii atomowej, technologii in vitro, nanotechnologii; po drugie, mogą one wywoływać niepożądane skutki, takie jak zanieczyszczenie środo- wiska, globalne ocieplenie klimatu, rozpowszechnienie się nowych epidemii (BSE, świńska i ptasia grypa). U źródeł konfliktów społecznych powstających wokół tych problemów – nazywanych tutaj konfliktami technologicznymi – leży postrzeganie przez część społeczeństwa niektórych technologii jako ryzykownych bądź wprost niebezpiecznych, przy jednoczesnym uznawaniu ich przez innych aktorów społecznych za bezpieczne i niegroźne. Celem tego tekstu jest prezentacja i próba oceny wypracowanych w społecznych badaniach nad nauką i technologią strategii zarządzania konfliktami technologicznymi.
EN
New technologies may bring about social controversies in two ways at least. First, their development and implementation may directly result in social protests, as it is the case of biotechnology, nuclear energy, in-vitro, nanotechnologies, second, new technologies may cause unwanted consequences, such as pollution, global climate change, spreading of new epidemics (BSE, swine or bird flu). At the bottom of social conflicts which arise around those problems - which we call here 'technological conflicts' - is the perception of some technologies as risky or dangerous, whereas other social actors consider them safe and harmless. The fact that most of those controversies focus on technological safety requires a specific approach to managing this type of conflicts. The goal of this article is to present and assess strategies of technological conflicts' management, which have been proposed within social studies on science and technology.
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