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EN
The article presents a selection of documents from a 1949 trial, which concluded with the sentence of three ZWZ-AK members, Opatów district, by the Court of Appeals in Kielce - Józef Mularski, Leon Nowak and Edward Perzynski - for complicity in the murder of 12 Jews from the Ostrowiec Swiętokrzyski ghetto in a forest near Kunów. Two of them, severely wounded, returned to the ghetto; one of them survived the war (Szloma Icek Zweigman), and after emigration submitted a detailed and extensive testimony regarding the incident. Zweigman's testimony was the foundation of the investigation and the indictment. Mularski and Nowak, sentenced to death, were subsequently pardoned and released from prison after 1956, as was the third convict. The case was closed as follows: sentence of 1957 to pardon Józef Mularski, followed by another verdict of 2000 that provided for a high compensation. The presented materials are not only proof that members of the Polish underground committed crimes against Jews, but also demonstrate how the Polish judiciary and the Main Commission to Investigate Nazi Crimes in Poland operated. The latter clearly conducted a policy of papering over those criminal cases in which Poles were the perpetrators. The issues raised in the article are inadequately researched, not only in Polish historiography. The presented trial materials come from the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance
Vojenská história
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 3
59 - 88
EN
The article describes in detail the activities of two Soviet subversive-intelligence Partisan units in the Orava region, which organizationally belonged under the Main Intelligence Administration of the General Staff of the Red Army – GRU. It describes in detail their wandering through Polish territory until their arrival in Orava. Unlike the para-troop organisational groups organised by the Ukrainian Partisan Movement Headquarters in Kiev, in their case there were numerous partisan units crossing the front line in Poland and reaching Slovakia after a two month journey and overcoming hundreds of kilometres. Unlike other subversive-intelligence groups, they were also actively engaged in active combat. Partisan Battalion No. 0032, of Cpt. P.S. Tichonov and Partisan Unit of Special Assignment No. 14, of Maj. V.P. Jaromov contributed greatly to the defence of the position of the Orava military group in Lučivná and had a great merit in stabilising the defence position in the Kraľovany-Párnica-Istebné line, where they participated in a number of battles. In the case of the Partisan Unit No. 0032, of Cpt. P.S. Tichonov, new facts are provided here about their short operation in the insurgent territory. It also details its activities after the suppression of the Uprising and its return to Orava. It provides new insights into their activities in Roháče, their participation in the defence of this territory in December 1944. There are also unpublished facts about their activities in the area of the Polish Tatras.
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