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1

QUANTIFICATIONAL ACCOUNTS OF LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE II: IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF BOLZANO

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Koreň L.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 3
303 – 326
EN
Quantificational accounts of logical consequence account for it in terms of truth-preservation in all cases – be it admissible substitution variants or interpretations with respect to non-logical terms. In this second of the three connected studies devoted to the quantificational tradition the author set out to reconstruct the seminal contributions of Russell, Carnap, Tarski and Quine and evaluate them vis-à-vis some of the most pressing objections. This study also prepares the ground for his discussion of the standard model-theoretic account of consequence to be found in the concluding study.
2

MENTAL SIMULATIONS' INFLUENCE ON PERSISTENCE IN ACTION

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Jarczewska-Gerc E.
Psychological Studies
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2007
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vol. 45
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issue 2
93-99
EN
The study aimed at evaluating the influence of various types of mental simulations in goal achievement; process focused, goal (outcome) focused and failure and process focused simulations were investigated. The effectiveness of particular mental simulations was measured in computer task in which respondents were asked to follow the small square figure by the mouse courser on the screen, while the figure was moving in various and unpredictable directions. The indicator of persistence was served by the time devoted for work, measured in minutes. ANOVA analysis revealed main effect at the 'process simulation' level. In detail, subjects devoted significantly more time for executing the task after process focused simulation briefing comparing to all remaining conditions: F(1,32)=14,07; p -lower than 0,0007. The relationship between mental imagery operations and persistence in action showed to be undeniable. Importantly - not every mental simulation can be considered as activity facilitator. Especially goal focused simulations can inhibit the persistence and in consequence deteriorate goal achievement process. The role of failure and process focused simulations requires further investigation and analysis. The results of study above may find many practical applications in various fields of social sciences where increase of motivation to action is important.
3

NEURČITOSŤ REFERENCIE A PRETRVÁVANIE V ČASE

100%
Schmidt M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2016
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vol. 71
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issue 8
656 – 668
EN
According to the inscrutability of reference principle, there are source language sentences that have exact counterparts in the target language, yet some of their sentence-parts may refer to different things. One word sentence “Gavagai“ means “There is a rabbit“ though ‘rabbit’ may have different referents, among them the temporal stage of four-dimensional rabbit, or three-dimensional rabbit as a whole. It follows that ‘rabbit’ reference may be bound to either three- or four-dimensional ontologies yet the sentence where it occurs doesn’t shift its stimulus meaning. However, there are recent proposals in meta-ontology that consider the dispute between three- and four-dimensional views of particulars verbal. If that is the case, then one of the Quine’s principal examples of inscrutability of reference (and ontological relativity as well) fails. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate that the difference between the rival theories of particulars is not verbal and becomes evident mainly in the context of possible worlds.
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