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1

Podejmowanie perspektywy epistemicznej przez osoby w różnym wieku

100%
Białek A.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2011
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vol. 6
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issue 3(18)
185-201
2

Perspectives and paradigms in sociological theory i-ii.

100%
Farkas Z.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
|
2006
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vol. 16
|
issue 1
3-39
EN
In this paper two-part paper the author first deals with the correlation between the subject and perspective of sociology, and determine the aspects of the classification of sociological perspectives. Then he draws up the types of sociological perspectives and points out the main theories and theoretical directions representing different perspectives. The sociological perspective is a system of notions referring to the basic questions of sociology, which basically determines the whole of the theoretical concepts and correlations of sociology. In order to draw up the typical perspectives emerging in sociological theory, he defines the basic correlations and questions of sociology. he distinguishes between the holist and the individualist perspectives on the level of overall perspectives, from the point of view of the level of factors determining social phenomena. He makes a distinction between symbolist and factualist perspectives from the point of view of the nature of factors determining social phenomena, On the level of the main perspectives, he makes a distinction between normativist, structuralist, creativist and rationalist perspectives.
3
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Dwie koncepcje profilowania pojęć w lingwistyce

100%
Majer-Baranowska U.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
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2004
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vol. 16
85-109
PL
Artykuł zawiera syntetyczne omówienie dwu koncepcji profilowania – Ronalda Langackera i Jerzego Bartmińskiego. W ujęciu Langackera profilowanie jest jednym z wymiarów obrazowania, którego istotę stanowi określony sposób ujęcia danej sytuacji. Profilowanie polega na wyróżnieniu z bazy kognitywnej struktur semantycznych. Bazą dla określonej predykacji jest jej matryca, tj. zestaw aktywnych domen. Profile stanowią więc uwydatnione elementy bazy. Pełny opis struktury semantycznej wyrażenia językowego wymaga podania pełnych opisów domen kognitywnych, jakie to wyrażenie presuponuje. Wszystkie wyrażenia językowe, bez względu na stopień ich złożoności, można scharakteryzować semantycznie w kategoriach nałożenia profilu na bazę. Zjawisko profilowania jest w tej koncepcji podstawą wyróżniania i definiowania bieguna semantycznego kategorii gramatycznych (np. rzeczownik profiluje rzecz, czasownik – proces), morfemów gramatycznych, struktur składniowych, pojedynczych leksemów i wyrażeń wieloleksemowych. J. Bartmiński profilowanie rozumie jako proces tworzenia wariantu wyobrażenia przedmiotu na zasadzie derywacji z bazowego zespołu cech semantycznych zawartych w obrębie znaczenia (rozumianego jako skończony, ale otwarty zespół cech). Profil pojęcia – efekt procesu profilowania – jest wariantem wyobrażenia przedmiotu kreowanym przez jakiś podmiot i skupiony wokół czynnika dominującego – dominanty semantycznej. Różne profile nie są różnymi znaczeniami, lecz sposobami organizacji treści semantycznej wewnątrz znaczeń. Proces profilowania obejmuje wstępną kategoryzację przedmiotu, dobór aspektów odpowiadających danej kategoryzacji oraz jakościową charakterystykę przedmiotu w ramach przyjętych aspektów (faset). Autor podkreśla kluczową rolę podmiotu mówiącego w procesie profilowania pojęć, który to proces zdeterminowany jest przyjętym przez ów podmiot punktem widzenia, typem racjonalności, wiedzą o świecie, systemem wartości. Artykuł zamyka porównanie obu koncepcji profilowania, pokazujące zbieżności i różnice między nimi.
EN
The article offers a synthesis of the conceptions of profiling proposed by Ronald W. Langacker and Jerzy Bartminski. In the former, profiling is understood as one of the dimensions of imagery, as various construals of a given situation. Profiling is tantamount to attributing greater salience to certain semantic structures within the cognitive base. The base of a predication is its matrix, i.e. a set of active domains. The predication's profile, then, is equivalent to those elements of the base which receive greater salience. A full description of the semantic structure of a linguistic expression requires a full description of cognitive domains presupposed by that expression. All linguistic expressions, regardless of their complexity, can be semantically characterized in terms of profiling of base elements. Thus, profiling in this conception is the basis for underscoring and defining the semantic pole of grammatical categories (e.g. nouns profile things, verbs profile processes), grammatical morphemes, syntactic structures, single lexemes and multilexical expressions. Jerzy Bartminski, in turn, understands profiling as a process in which a variant of an idea of a given object is created. A given profile is derived from the base set of semantic features within the same meaning, the latter being viewed as a finite but open collection of features. A profile of a concept is a variant created by a certain dominant factor, the semantic determinant. The process of profiling includes a preliminary categorization of the object, a selection of aspects corresponding to that categorization and a qualitative characterization of the object within those aspects (facets). The key role of the subject is emphasized, profiling being determined by the subject's point of view, type of rationality, knowledge of the world, system of values, etc. The article ends with a comparison of the two conceptions.
4

HUMAN ENHANCEMENT AND THE QUESTION OF HUMAN BEINGS

88%
Holub G.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2017
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vol. 72
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issue 7
548 – 556
EN
This article deals with the understanding of human beings in the project of human enhancement. It shows that, in the voices of some representatives of the latter, there is a naturalistic tendency to reduce human beings either to their environment or to virtual reality. In such cases, the resulting entity would lack interiority as well as the first-person perspective. In this paper, it is argued that the possibilities opened up by biomedical sciences cannot release us from employing a multi-dimensional and integral concept of human beings wherein interiority plays an important role. The human enhancement project is not only a matter of technical feasibility; it also fundamentally concerns the essence of humanness. Hence the question of the nature of human beings and their condition is an indispensable part of this enterprise.
5

INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND LITERATURE (Intersubiektywnosc i literatura)

88%
Rembowska-Pluciennik M.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2009
|
issue 1-2
215-227
EN
This article is a preliminary proposal of how to redefine basic narratological notions in reference to issues and analytical methods of cognitive narratology. In light of the latter, literary narrative constitutes an experiment in accepting and representing someone else's perspective (cognitive, emotional, perceptual). This fact has to do with the properties of one of the basic forms of human consciousness - namely, the functioning of intersubjectivity as a permanent orientation of consciousness toward presence of other people being perceived as intentional and mental subjects. The possibility of taking into consideration another person's perspective is one of the most important features of human cognition, one being of great importance to cooperation and communication. The authoress' original creation of a character and the reader's mental representation of the latter can be considered to be an act of imaginary simulation of somebody else's perspective. Making use of the cognitive model of intersubjectivity in the theory of narrative enables a new interpretation of phenomena related to literary communication, literary character, and reception of literature. It also allows for extending the issues of consciousness in literature beyond the limits of conventions of presenting the character's internal speech.
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