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Imaging studies of kidney cancer

100%
Piotr Przyczyna P., David Aebisher D., Joanna Gustalik J., Sabina Galiniak S., Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher D., Ewa Kaznowska E.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2019
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issue 4
334-337
EN
In 2017 in the USA about 5% in men and 3% in women newly diagnosed cases of malignant tumors were kidney and renal pelvis cancer. Aim. Kidney cancer in adults includes malignant tumors derived from kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis. The dominating types are kidney parenchyma, and mainly renal cell carcinomas Material and methods. This review was performed according to systematic literature search of three major bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochran). Results. Imaging studies play a very important role in kidney cancer. They allow one to assess the clinical stage, justify the extent of surgery and have an impact on the prognosis. Conclusion. The field for research involves the use of magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography in diagnosing kidney changes.
2
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The advancement of imaging in diagnosis of prostate cancer

100%
Michał Osuchowski M., David Aebisher D., Joanna Gustalik J., Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher D., Ewa Kaznowska E.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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2019
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issue 1
67-70
EN
Introduction. Multiple imaging methods have been used to stage prostate carcinoma. Some of them are easily accessible, others very accurate. The advancements over many years have been taken under consideration and now every imaging method has a specific role in the diagnosis of this malignancy. Aim. There are over 1,100,000 cases of prostate carcinoma diagnosed every year around the world. Imaging examinations have to be introduced to accurately stage, and therefore properly treat this disease. This review concentrates on advantages and disadvantages of different imaging methods. Material and methods. The literature search was performed. Results. Imaging methods serve specific goals. TRUS is recommended for acquiring biopsy specimen due to high accessibilityand low cost of the examination. Conclusion. The best tool for staging prostate carcinoma and finding suspicious lesions when attempting second biopsy is mpMRI or bpMRI
3
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Exposure to ionizing radiation by service personnel working with cyclotrons used to produce radiopharmaceuticals in PET diagnostics

75%
Biegała M., Jakubowska T., Wrzesień M., Albiniak Ł.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2022
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vol. 35
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issue 6
753-760
EN
Objectives While working with cyclotrons used for the production of radiopharmaceuticals, workers can experience significant exposure to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper was to determine the typical level of such exposure received by such personnel while servicing cyclotrons. Material and Methods Exposure was assessed using TLD detectors placed in an anthropomorphic phantom, as well as dose meter to determine whole body and eye lens exposure. The phantom was placed in locations receiving the greatest exposure to ionizing radiation during service activities. The time spent by employees during servicing was assessed based on routine visits by service technicians. The obtained results were compared with readings of detectors worn by employees during service activities. Results The highest equivalent doses in the thoracic area were found to be received by the lungs (211.16 μSv/year). In the head and neck area, the highest dose was measured in the eye lens (3410 μSv/year). The effective dose for the whole body was found to be 1154.4 μSv/year, based on the phantom, and 149 μSv per service visit (1192 μSv/year), based on the dose meters carried by the workers. Conclusions Service workers are exposed to significant doses of ionizing radiation, representing a clear radiological protection issue. To reduce exposure to eye lenses, it is recommended to use protective goggles when working with highly-radioactive elements.
4
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Rola systemów depozytowo­‑zwrotnych (kaucyjnych) w organizacji recyklingu odpadów komunalnych w państwach Europy. Wykorzystanie automatów RVM (butelkomatów)

71%
Rudewicz J.
Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 2
EN
Deposit Refund/Return Systems (DRS) are currently operating successfully in several European countries, similar organisational solutions are found in the United States, Australia and other countries. Such systems use a mechanism of collecting a deposit for the purchase of certain goods and returning the deposit if the customer gives the packaging back to the seller or a special collection point. Such systems also increase the circulation of materials and raw materials in recycling processes and thus reduce the level of waste disposal. RVM machines (Reverse Vending Machines), popularly known in Poland as “bottling machines”, are a popular element improving the operation of such organisational systems. Deposit and return systems are a common name for the way of organising and increasing the degree of recycling of waste, especially packaging waste from households. However, they differ in terms of organisational and regulatory solutions in individual countries. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to compare the solutions applied in the European countries in the area of returnable deposit systems, to make their typology, to present the benefits and achievements of individual countries and the difficulties in implementing such a way of dealing with waste. The article uses reports and statistical data, as well as the results of research conducted by consulting companies and checking operators of return depository systems.
PL
Systemy depozytowo -zwrotne DRS (deposit refund/return systems) działają obecnie z powodzeniem w kilkunastu państwach Europy, podobne rozwiązania organizacyjno -rynkowe spotyka się w Stanach Zjednoczonych, Australii i innych krajach. Systemy tego typu wykorzystują mechanizm pobierania kaucji za zakup określonych dóbr i jej zwrotu w przypadku oddania przez klienta opakowania do sprzedawcy lub specjalnego punktu odbioru. Systemy DRS sprawiają także, że wzrasta poziom cyrkulacji materiałów i  surowców w procesach recyklingowych i zmniejsza się tym samym poziom składowania odpadów. Elementem usprawniającym działanie tego typu systemów są automaty RVM (reverse vending machines) popularnie nazywane w Polsce „butelkomatami”. Systemy depozytowo -zwrotne prowadzą do wzrostu stopnia recyklingu odpadów komunalnych pochodzących z gospodarstw domowych. Różnią się jednak pod względem rozwiązań organizacyjnych i regulacyjnych w poszczególnych krajach. Celem artykułu jest zatem porównanie rozwiązań stosowanych w krajach Europy w obszarze DRS oraz dokonanie ich wstępnej typologii, przedstawienie korzyści i osiągnięć poszczególnych państw, a także trudności w implementacji takiego sposobu radzenia sobie z odpadami. W artykule wykorzystano informacje z raportów, dane statystyczne i wyniki badań firm konsultingowych oraz sprawdzania operatorów systemów depozytowo -zwrotnych.
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