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Obrazy w procesach negocjacji swiatów spolecznych

100%
Frackowiak M., Rogowski L.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
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2011
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vol. 7
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issue 1
42-56
EN
The aim of this article is to incorporate visuality into the theory of the social world as it was proposed in the interpretative sociology. The text consists of three parts. In the first, the authors present basic assumptions of the social world phenomenological theory. The second, elucidates the concept of visuality - the underpinnings of the chosen contexts of building and unifying the social worlds' visual aspects that are presented in the foregoing article. The last, opens to scrutiny the examples of processes in which the visuality becomes a pretext for gainsaying the intersubjectivity of social worlds and therefore, relates to the opposite phenomenon. The theoretical and exemplifying endeavors undertaken in the article may constitute an introduction to further, more complex analyses.
2

THE SOCIAL ACTOR AND SOCIAL REALITY. THE FORGOTTEN POTENTIAL OF SOCIO-PHENOMENOLOGY

75%
Chojnacki M.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2007
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vol. 51
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issue 3
133-147
EN
Have the currently most important proponents of sociological theory adopted Alfred Schutz's thesis concerning the proximity of the views of society and of those who research it and are they in a position to construct a theory which will not conceal social reality by returning to the positivistic and functionalistic models. Since doubts exist in this respect, this paper suggests a return to the material stage of the development of the theory of social life created by the interpretation of Schutz's concept - especially the ethnomethodology inspired by it. When considering certain aspects of the history of ethnomethodology - especially its progress into conversational analysis - which are regarded as research into areas of interaction which are banal, positivistically understood, isolated and unrelated to the whole, the author finds an example of a meaning of socio-phenomenology in the 'constructivistic' theories of Melvin Pollner and Steve Woolgar which allows the various, notable actions of actors to be treated as deeds which establish and maintain the fundamental and ultimate versions of the world and which allow individual deeds to be treated as 'documents' and symptoms of the way in which the actors understand the whole social system. This concept allows for a return to the core of Schutz's proposal which was labelled by Harold Garfinkel as 'accountability'.
3
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Chytanie v žite každodennosti

75%
Alieva D.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 44
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issue 5
889-923
EN
The idea behind the title of J. D. Salinger's famous novel 'The Catcher in the Rye' is used in this article to illustrate Erving Goffman's theoretical approach to everyday life. However, unlike Holden Caulfield, who wants 'to catch' the children in a 'big field of rye' to save them from going over 'the edge of some crazy cliff', Goffman does not want to save anybody. In his theory, he only 'catches in his steely gaze' (R. Collins) the natural scenes of everyday life. The fluid matter of everydayness is captured by him through theoretical, mainly stylistic tools. Among his favourite rhetorical tools we find metaphor, irony, and so on. Goffman employs stylistic tools to produce what Burke termed 'perspective by incongruity'. This is a way of perceiving the familiar as problematic. As a social theorist, Goffman preferred formulating a range of concepts over constructing theoretical propositions, and therefore, he was often regarded as the author of a conceptual scheme, not a theory. At best Goffman was perceived as a 'middle-range' theoretician. In his own studies of everyday life he used the ethnographic approach of the 'Chicago school'. The early Goffman was somewhat reserved about applying a phenomenological approach to everyday life. Yet his application of perspective by incongruity served as a substitute for the phenomenological bracketing of the taken-for-granted aspects of everyday life. In his later period, Goffman turned to the procedure of framing, making his approach more structuralist. Frames served to structure the everyday world in many ways. Later, Goffman almost came to accept the Jamesian and Schutzean idea of a multiple reality, with special accent on the frame of everyday conduct, which included both real and unreal elements.
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