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MAGIC ACTIVITIES, PREDICTIONS AND PROGNOSTICS DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF A FOLK WEDDING (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE POLISH ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS) (Zachowania magiczne, wrozby i prognostyki podczas wstepnych etapow wesela wiejskiego...)

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Drozdz A.

Lud

2008

vol. 92

201-214

The article deals with magical activities observed in preparations for a folk wedding in Poland. The peak of magical acts was connected with the belief that a young couple was in a critical moment - the interim, which was dangerous for them because of its liminality. On the other hand, if proper patterns of behaviour were followed, it guaranteed happiness of the bride and the groom. According to the common belief, it was possible to predict the future of the couple. That was the source of a great variety of fortune telling and predictions. The article presents selected magical acts accompanying the following stages of the wedding: inviting for a celebration, baking the 'korowaj' cake, the hen evening and predictions before the marriage ceremony. It emphasises many activities of protective and prognostic nature, during invitation for a wedding and baking the wedding cake. The examples presented in the article come from fieldwork conducted by research workers of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas in the second half of the 20th century (mainly in the 1970s and 1980s) in selected villages in the area of Poland.

THE WAYS OF RECOGNISING SUPPOSED WITCHES (IN THE LIGHT OF THE STUDY OF THE POLISH ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS) (Sposoby rozpoznawania domniemanych czarownic (w swietle badan Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego))

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Pienczak A.

Lud

2008

vol. 92

215-234

Descriptions of different forms of traditional witchcraft in Poland can be found in the earliest ethnographic works. However, they are fragmentary and often presented as part of a broader discussion of beliefs, magic and fortune telling. The article is based on unpublished materials of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, collected in the 1980s of the 20th C. One of the main assumptions of the Atlas was to show the cultural diversity of different elements of traditional culture. Belief in witchcraft became very strong particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries, mainly because of the bad economic situation. Even as late as the second half of the 20th c. in rural communities some people were suspected of witch practices. The article discusses selected aspects of traditional witchcraft, in particular ways of recognising witches (on the basis of the external appearance, characteristic objects, profanation of religious practices etc.). Some of the beliefs analysed in the article are still present, particularly in eastern Poland. However, the material gathered in the Atlas is rather fragmentary.

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MAGIC ACTIVITIES, PREDICTIONS AND PROGNOSTICS DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF A FOLK WEDDING (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE POLISH ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS) (Zachowania magiczne, wrozby i prognostyki podczas wstepnych etapow wesela wiejskiego...)

THE WAYS OF RECOGNISING SUPPOSED WITCHES (IN THE LIGHT OF THE STUDY OF THE POLISH ETHNOGRAPHIC ATLAS) (Sposoby rozpoznawania domniemanych czarownic (w swietle badan Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego))