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1

THE EFFECTS OF SELECTED WORD PROPERTIES ON VISUAL RECOGNITION TIME: FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE, LENGTH, AND PRESENCE OF DIGRAPHS

100%
Raczaszek-Leonardi J., Jarymowicz K.
Psychological Studies
|
2006
|
vol. 44
|
issue 4
79-87
EN
The study aimed at evaluating the effect of various parameters of words on the speed of visual word recognition in Polish. Simple Lexical Decision task was used. Words were selected from classes of different frequency of occurrence (low, medium, high frequency), length (4,6,8 and 10-letter words) and presence of digraphs (present or not). A main effect of word frequency was obtained, however what is more interesting, there was a significant interaction of frequency and length effects, i.e., frequency mattered more for short than for longer words. There was also a significant interaction effect of frequency and the presence of digraphs: frequency mattered more for words with digraphs than for words without digraphs. The results are important for selecting verbal stimuli for various types of research that use visual word recognition. Controlling frequency seems to be most important for short words, controlling for length seems most important when dealing with frequent words. One of the possible mechanisms explaining the pattern found in data is the orthographic 'crowding' around short words which makes neighbors of less frequent short words inhibit their activation. Further research, preferably using correlational design, will be performed to test this hypothesis.
2
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Z historii slowianskich zoonimow. Wybrane zagadnienia

80%
Siatkowska E.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2011
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vol. 60
101-109
EN
Zoonims provide information in the fields of linguistics, history, archeology, and ethnography. However, they are rarely examined comprehensively. This article investigates the words used for three most popular domesticated animals in the Slavic world, namely the horse, the dog and the cat. It studies these words, focusing on the history of animal husbandry in the Slavic countries and their contemporary geography.
3

Проблематика описового і зіставного вивчення польської та української й російської мов

80%
Рисіч Ю.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2010
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vol. 152
121-129
EN
This article is devoted to the review of scientific researches of the Ukrainian and Polish Slavists for the last 20 years in the field of confrontative studies of the language facts from a minimum of two compared languages. A focus is brought to questions of the most current and prospective studies from the point of view of small light exposure and breadth of their distribution, including translation studies.
4

O „bezpiecznej” prawdzie w tabloidach polskich i czeskich

80%
Kaczmarska E., Stefaniak M., Susfał J.
Oblicza Komunikacji
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2011
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vol. 4
217-230
EN
The article describes the lexical phrases in Polish and Czech tabloids and presents their usage in the texts. The accumulation of the epistemic modality phrases allows the tabloid articles to present the biggest scandals in a “legally safe” way.
5

O nazwach rozrywek umysłowych w polszczyźnie

80%
Nowowiejski B.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
|
2013
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issue 13
227-252
EN
Solving puzzles and riddles has been one of the pastimes enjoyed by many Poles for a long time. It is proved directly not only by the descriptions of customs or habits of several generations of our ancestors, but also by the contents of different types of dictionaries, particularly Polish language dictionaries or dictionaries of words of foreign origin, where the names of such kind of entertainment have been registered. A main purpose of the article is to present and characterize various names of riddles and puzzles that appear in Polish charades, particularly in the context of their very modest representation in not only historical but also contemporary lexicographical studies.
6

O inwektywach zwierzęcych w języku polskim

80%
Sojka-Masztalerz H.
Kształcenie Językowe
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2010
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vol. 8(18)
11-24
EN
The author analyses negative connotations attributed to animals, connotations that express judgement about humans, their physical and psychological features, their behaviour and their actions. She discusses the hypernym animal, lexemes that refer to animal classes (reptile, bird, fish, worm) and animal species (e.g. dog, cat, ram, pig, flatfish, blindworm and mouflon). Drawing on her analysis of the source material, she states that both in substandard variants of Polish and in its standard form, we have seen an increase in the number of animal-derived insults and an expansion of the semantics of words whose primary meanings denoted animals. The substandard variants of Polish acquire expressions derived from the names of animals, especially wild animals (e.g. mouflon, bream, elk, baboon, cachalot and whale), the metaphorical meanings which have not yet been registered in standard Polish. A survey carried out by the author among one hundred university students of Polish has confirmed that almost all names of animals can be used as insults with regard to humans. More and more frequently animal-derived names are used to humiliate and ridicule people.
7
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Word Formation Activeness of the Pronoun 'SAM' (the Nest Analysis Method)

80%
Lachnik J.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2006
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issue 2
101-112
EN
The subject of the description provided in the article is word formation activeness of the pronoun 'SAM' ( 'alone', '(by) oneself', 'only', 'mere' and 'very') in contemporary Polish. The analysis of the derivational nest of the pronoun 'SAM' constitutes a point of departure for the dissertation. The author proves that this pronoun has a minimum derivational potency, which has to be enhanced by connecting another root words from beyond the nest. Thus, compound formations significantly outnumber non-compound motivated words of the first derivational tact. He analyses the differences between the word formation activeness of compound nouns and adjectives of the first tact. The former create mainly nouns by multiplication of the same derivational models (this is the phenomenon of quantitative word formation activeness), the latter produce less derivates, which are however more diverse (qualitative activeness) and represent all parts of speech beside the verb whose lack is pointed as a distinctive feature of the nest of the pronoun 'SAM'. Moreover, the author presents the derivational graph of the pronoun on which he marks quantitative and qualitative centers of pronoun derivation.
8

Nederlandse woorden in het Pools: hoezo?

80%
Kowalska-Szubert A.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
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2010
|
vol. 19
33-40
EN
This article discusses the problem of Dutch borrowings in the Polish language. The primary question is why some words from one language come to be introduced into another one. Taking some thematic groups of the borrowings as an example, the author proves a thesis, that Dutch loanwords are chiefly of pragmatic character, meaning, that they came in handy to fill some blanks in the Polish vocabulary. The majority of words borrowed from Dutch and assimilated into Polish were either the names of the objects of Dutch origin or came to Poland by the agency of the Dutch native speakers.
9
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On a Kashubian 'Piesn o Mece Panskiej' (Song of Lord's Passion)

80%
Popowska-Taborska H.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
|
2004
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vol. 39
EN
The article discusses four versions of the Kashubian 'Piesn o Mece Panskiej' (Song of Lord's Passion), first published in Gdansk in 1643. Apparently the song is also presented in three later manuscript copies which to a varying degree were saturated with the Northern-Kashubian dialect features. Its further copied manuscript found in a manuscript held in the Czartoryski Library in Krakow, casts interesting light on scope of influence the old Gdansk printed texts considered Kashubian monuments of literature had.
10
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Lexicons-texts-writers

80%
Handke K.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2004
|
vol. 39
33-52
EN
The article discusses issues involving relations of scope of vocabulary included on one hand in the national language lexicons, and on the other hand in the texts of outstanding prolific writers. Results of research on writer's lexicon following the novel concept of topical lexicon dictionary of the rich and prolific creative work of Stefan Zeromski. So far, six volumes of the monumental work 'Slownictwo pism Stefana Zeromskiego' have been published: 'Przestrzen' (The Space) by Katarzyna Sobolewska, 'Dom' (The House) by Elzbieta Sekowska, 'Swiat dzwiekow' (Domain of sounds) by Barbara Bartnicka, 'Swiat barw' (Domain of colours) by Kwiryna Handke, 'Walka, wojna, wojskowosc' (Domain of fighting, war and the military) by Ryszard Handke, 'Mysl i mowa' (Domain of thought and speech) by Henryka Sedziakowa. There are more volumes to come: 'Swiat doznan zmyslowych' (Domain of sensual sensations) by Barbara Bartnicka, 'Slownictwo astronomiczne i meteorologiczne' (Domain of astronomical and metheorological words) by Maria Olszewska, 'Slownictwo topograficzne' (Domain of topographic lexicon) by Magdalena Czachorowska, 'Swiat roslin' (Domain of biological lexicon) by Stanislaw Cygan, 'Niebo i pieklo' (Domain of heaven and hell) by Monika Gabrys, 'Miasto i wies' (Domain of town and village) by Katarzyna Sobolewska, 'Swiat kobiet' (Women) by Kwiryna Handke, 'Swiat mezczyzn' (Men) by Ryszard Handke, 'Podroze' (Travels) by Katarzyna Szostak.
11
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From the vocabulary of Pomorze Zachodnie (Western Pomerania). Dialectical Terms of Kashuby 'ostrów', 'osuch' and 'okól' in the territorial names

80%
Rzetelska-Feleszko E.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2004
|
vol. 39
99-110
EN
The article is a part of the cycle of works presenting the vocabulary on the basis of which the territorial names were created in Pomorze Zachodnie before the germanization of these territories. The works are based on the materials from the Vocabulary of Former Pomeranian Territorial Names of the Western Pomerania (Słownik dawnych pomorskich nazw terenowych z Pomorza Zachodniego). The article presents a list of concrete names of the bases of ostrów (island), osuch (a higher location at the field or a meadow, etc.), okól (a turn of the river or a meadow or a field above the river's turn), e.g. Wustrowk, Wussuschke, Wokoll and their location on the map. The base of ostrów is the archaism which lives in Kashubian dialects, osuch and okól are Kashubian innovations, which in the past - as proved by the territorial names formed on the basis thereof - also reached the eastern part of Pomorze Zachodnie (Western Pomerania).
12

NOVÉ FEMINATÍVA V POĽSKOM JAZYKU

80%
Vojteková M.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2022
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vol. 57
|
issue 1
21 - 32
EN
The paper focuses on the delimitation of all groups of feminine names that occur in the new lexis captured in the neological dictionary Nowe słownictwo polskie. Materiały z prasy lat 2001 – 2005 [New Polish Vocabulary. Press Materials 2001 – 2005].2. The main attention is paid to new feminitives as a dominant subgroup of feminine names and to their word-formation characteristics. On the basis of research, eight word-formation types are distinguished within the new feminitives. The productivity of word-forming suffixes within the new feminitives and the older layer of gender-inflected names are confronted. The suffixes that are new in terms of their use in the formation of feminitives are pointed out as well. The perception of feminine derivatives by Polish society, which has a direct influence on the formation of feminitives, language usage and language norm, is also discussed.
13
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Zapożyczenia z języka czeskiego w gwarze gminy Krzanowice

80%
Czogała J.
Bohemistyka
|
2009
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vol. 9
|
issue 4
299 - 308
EN
The authoress discusses Czech borrowings in the dialect spoken in the district of Krzanowice, which is situated on the territory of Poland. She examines phonetic borrowings (e.g. weczer, bohaty), morphological borrowings (e.g. smyrdzieć, tahnuć) and lexical borrowings (bryle, cesta), and she comes to a conclusion that in most cases they have been linguistically adapted to Polish. Polonization of Czech borrowings in the dialect of Krzanowice district concerns pronunciation, spelling and morphology. The article also contains an appendix of Czech borrowings which presents the borrowings in the form of entries together with appropriate Czech and Polish words.
14
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Slovanské paralely: Jiří Orten a Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński (2)

80%
Balowski M.
Bohemistyka
|
2009
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
99 - 118
EN
Author presents life and creativity of two prominent Slavic poets: Czech poet Jiři Orten (1919–1941) and Polish poet Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński (1921–1944). Author exerts similarities of their biographies, vital philosophies and topics of works. Both poets made debut just before The World War II and after its explosion they lived and created in situation of threat to life. War and occupation have caused, that both poets tried to find in their creativity answer on existential questions. Personal poetic vision of world was an antidote on grimness of reality: on the one hand fabulous, and on the other metaphysical.
15

WASTA - A CURIOUS ADDRESSATIVE FORM IN KASHUBIAN (Wasta - zagadkowa kaszubska forma adresatywna)

80%
Popowska-Taborska H.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2010
|
vol. 59
81-90
EN
The addressative forms wasta and wastna, which are currently common in the Kashubian literary language as the equivalents of the Polish honorific forms pan , pani are not found in Kashubian dialects. In these dialects an old form of the 2nd plural variant wy (wë in Kashubian) is used instead. The author presents the results of a study of the forms wasta, wastna in Kashubian texts and new dictionaries and pays attention to the last name Wasta, which might be an archaic source of the addressative form. The author claims that the Kashubian form wasta derives from the construction *vasa milost' pan (on a par with the Old Polish form wasc) and that it was added to the paradigm of the nouns that end in -a, such as starosta, sluga, wojewoda. The word wasta was most likely created in South-Western Kashubia, an area inhabited by gentry. In this area the affrication of t' d' preceding the front vowel has never been completed.
16

KITAB STUDIES AND THE HISTORY OF POLISH AND BELARUSSIAN LANGUAGES (Kitabistyka a historia jezyka polskiego i bialoruskiego)

80%
Lapicz C.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
|
2008
|
vol. 57
31-49
EN
The purpose of this article is to acquaint the reader with the methods and research tasks of a recently developing subdiscipline of language studies known as Kitab studies. The aim of Kitab studies is to research the manuscripts of the Tartars (Muslims) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, some of which are translations from Arabic and other languages used in the world of Islam, such as Turkish or Persian, whereas others are adaptations of Old Polish Christian texts in the spirit of Islamic exegesis. The first manuscripts were written in mid-16th century and are unique in that the (Old) Polish and (Old) Belarussian languages were written in a specially adapted Arabic alphabet. Although the 16th century original texts have not survived until today, many and various copies have been preserved, and today they constitute a valuable basis for Kitab studies. The most valuable manuscripts include the copies of the first translation of The Quran into Polish (and Belarussian) which dates back as far as the 16th century. This translation is known as a Muslim Tafsir.
17

AN ANIMAL IN THE EXACT MEANING OF THE WORD (Zwierze w scislym tego slowa znaczeniu)

80%
Wroblewski F.
Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa
|
2009
|
vol. 63
|
issue 4(287)
174-190
EN
The author aimed at a creating a typology of common ways of conceptualising the notion of the 'animal' in the Polish language and culture. He also indicated dependencies between the world outlook shaped under the impact of culture and the way of perceiving animals, and thus their treatment. Upon the basis of research material collected amidst 140 students it has been possible to indicate 13 ways of defining animals in everyday thought. Despite the extraction of ways of defining animals based on empathy, the dominating stand appears to be a supremacy definition, stressing man's superiority vis a vis animals-things. It recalls a reification interpretation enrooted in language and culture, which reduces animals to the role of useful products-raw material 'serving man'.
18

Niektore kontrastne prvky v segmentalnej rovine vokalickych systemov slovenčiny, češtiny a poľštiny

70%
Lipowski J.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
|
2010
|
vol. 152
99-113
EN
The article points out the different phonetic features of Slovak, Czech and Polish, and particularly takes into consideration the peripheral features. The main contribution of the article is the presentation of two different hocalic segments [i:] and [ı] that occur in Slovak and Czech. So far a sufficient attention has not paid been to their qualitative difference. The differentiation of these two segmental elements is important for further analysis of phonetic aspect of the languages. The problem of occurrence of two vowels [i:] and [ı] is interesting from the point of view of Polish segmental system, which phonologically uses the opposition of [i:] a [ı] vowels with similar qualitative contrast.
19
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Tempos futuros na lingua portuguesa e os seus equivale ntes em polaco

70%
Jabłonka E.
Studia Iberystyczne
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2010
|
vol. 9
87-100
EN
The main objective of this following paper is to present the Portuguese future tenses together with their Polish equivalents. On the basis of the examples taken from Vergilio Ferreira’s novel Para Sempre, we are trying to describe the main functions of the future tenses. In Portuguese, the future can be expressed by different forms of the verb: simple and complex ones. In our work, we describe the use of imperfeito tense, the periphrastic verbal structures and the future simple tense. Not only do we analyze the variety of different grammatical tenses but we also explain the intricacies of aspect and modality (expressing the uncertainty, wish, probability or obligation). It is important to notice that in Polish, some future forms in Portuguese are replaced by the past forms or by the subjunctive.
20

Die Bibelsprache und der Bibelstil im gegenwartigen Niederlandischen und Polnischen

70%
Krajcarz M.
Neerlandica Wratislaviensia
|
2010
|
vol. 19
83-135
EN
The article is an attempt at a contrastive analysis of typical characteristics of Biblical language and style, with a special focus on phraseology (e.g. parallelism, repetition, imagery, metaphor). Based on the example of selected linguistic phenomena within the scope of semantics, syntax and phraseology, the most significant similarities and differences in Biblical language of modern Dutch and Polish have been evidenced. Moreover, the phenomenon of modification within the Dutch and Polish Biblical styles has been noted, which may be observed in the perception of traditional Dutch and Polish Biblical styles. For this purpose historical material, originating from Dutch and Polish translations of the Bible, has been compared with the language material occurring in representative contemporary translations of the Holy Bible. It is worth pointing out that the formation of Biblical style was considerably influenced by Staatenbijbel (1637) in the Netherlands, and by the Catholic Biblia Wujka (1599) and the Protestant Biblia Gdańska (1632) in Poland.
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