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Jan Sztwiertnia (1850-1912). Działacz narodowy i społeczny ze Śląska Cieszyńskiego

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Morys-Twarowski M.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 1
39–51
EN
Jan Sztwiertnia (1850-1912) remains forgotten in the regional historiography. He descendent from a peasant family which lived in Cieszyn Silesia for generations. Was active both in the local community (32 years as mayor of Kisielowo) as well as in the affairs of the entire region. A member of the administration of the Silesian Catholic Association (ZŚK), School Society of the Cieszyn Duchy (Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego) and the Agricultural Association of the Cieszyn Duchy (Towarzystwo Rolnicze Księstwa Cieszyńskiego), also an associate of the Polish National Movement. Twice a candidate to the State Council in Vienna, in both cases running against the candidates from ZŚK. In 1901 lost in second round against the socialist Petr Cingr, who had the support of some of the Polish parties. In 1907 supported by „Silesia”, a newspaper of German liberals. Sztwiertnia then lost to priest Józef Londzin from ZŚK. His career demonstrates that although clearly supported by the Catholic wing of Polish national movement, at the turn of the century he was able to win the support which transcended national and religious boundaries in Cieszyn Silesia.
2

Na pograniczu Śląska Cieszyńskiego i Galicji. Działalność ks. Stanisława Stojałowskiego w Białej i Bielsku w latach 1891-1911

100%
Polak J.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 1
75–93
EN
Of the activities of priest Stanisław Stojałowski (1845-1911), an outstanding Polish national activist in the Austrian partition the period between 1891 and 1911 is the least well known. He spent that time in two neighbouring cities Biała (located in Galicia) and Bielsko in Cieszyn Silesia. He stimulated the awareness of being Polish in the nationally and socially ignorant workers and craftsmen of the area. He started his activities in Biała, in 1891, by creating workers associations, which were self-help, economical and unionising organisations. Later he subordinated them to the National-Christian Party (Stronnictwo Chrześcijańsko-Ludowe), which he created in 1896. In 1902 he extended his activities to Bielsko, wherein he started the Polish House (Dom Polski), in which the activities of Polish and Catholic organisations, including their educational and cultural activities concentrated. Since 1897 Stojałowski was a delegate to the Galician Sejm in Lemberg (Lviv), he became a member of the State Council in Vienna in 1902. His activities were opposed by the authorities of Bielsko and Biała. Said authorities wanted to thwart the development of Polish movements in both towns, the population of which was largely German. His activities were also opposed by social-democratic unions of both Austrian and Polish socialists, seeing as they competed with his associations for the political influence among the labourers of Bielsko and Biała. Said attacks deepened anti-German and anti-socialist sentiments of his opinions as well the content of his articles published in the weekly periodical „Wieniec – Pszczółka”.
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