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Colonial and postcolonial aspects of the Polish borderland-science discourse: an outline

100%
Bakula B.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
|
issue 6(102)
11-33
EN
This article analyses colonial and postcolonial aspects of so-called Polish borderland discourse as comprised in a series of literary-scientific and culturological papers as well as memoirs published after 1989. The author argues that the language of several such Polish papers contains unconscious linguistic constructs, image clichés superimposing their image of the world and determining the inclination to have (the) Others precluded, although much is said on dialogue, multiculturality and understanding in terms of scientific and/or ideological or similar intents. This testifies to an extremely strong prevalence of colonialist forms of memory whereas the subject of colonising (i.e. Ukrainian, Byelorussian, Lithuanian lands and cultures) is unattainable in realistic terms, if not intentionally undesirable. The article also discusses the Ukrainian forms of rendering Poles precluded from the territory and culture of the Ukraine, with a memory of former colonisation as their basis, along with the presently strong postcolonial response being associated with the national revival. The author proposes an 'integral comparative studies' project as coupled with a postcolonial theory as the starting point for interdisciplinary studies on the so-called 'borderland' (Polish, kresy) transgressing the invisible and visible borders of scientific awareness connected with the colonial discourse.
2
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JAN STANISLAW LOS'S VIEWS ON THE UKRAINIAN MINORITY IN THE SECOND POLISH REPUBLIC (Poglady Jana Stanislawa Losia na kwestie galicyjskiej mniejszosci ukrainskiej w drugiej Rzeczypospolitej)

100%
Kusz P.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2011
|
issue 38
133-145
EN
The Second Polish Republic's state policies were often unjust and shortsighted with respect to its Ukrainian minority. Happily, there were Poles whose activities were pro-Ukrainian. One of them was count Jan Stanislaw Los (1890-1974), a diplomat and publicist representing conservative views. The author of the article attempts to analyse the political standpoint which Los presented in his journalistic writings, as well as in his other works on the issues concerning the Ukrainians inhabiting the following voivodships: Lviv, Tarnopol and Stanislav. The author discusses Los's views on crucial aspects of the minority's life: education and economy, as well as the politics of the Polish Republic in relation to the Ukrainians. In particular the following problems are dealt with: Ultraist schools, the Ukrainian university, land reform, Ukrainian cooperatives, as well as the sensitive issue of the assimilation politics of some Polish governments before 1939. Los suggested a few solutions, taking into account both the Polish state rationale and a just attitude to the Ukrainians. One can only regret that these proposals were not accepted. If they had been, one may speculate that they could have prevented the bloody Polish-Ukrainian conflict that broke out during World War II.
3
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THE UKRAINIAN PROBLEMS IN PARIS' 'KULTURA' (1989-2000)

100%
Grott B.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2007
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issue 30
57-73
EN
The article discusses the coverage of Polish-Ukrainian relations in the Polish language periodical 'Kultura' (Culture), edited by Jerzy Giedroyc and his associates, and published in Paris. The opinions expressed in 'Kultura' are important because of the periodical's great impact on the political opinions of Poles after 1989 when, as an effect of the fall of Communism, 'Kultura' became readily available in Poland. The author points out that Jerzy Giedroyc, the editor, can be seen as an adherent of a rapprochement between Poland and Ukraine and accepts as fully justified the view of sociologist Zbigniew Kurcz of Wroclaw that an 'eastern myth of Jerzy Giedroyc' has evolved. This myth brings with it a tendency to keep silent about the genocide of Poles by Ukrainian nationalists during World War II, and is harmful for Poles who still live in the former eastern 'Kresy'. The article points to bias and prejudice of many texts published in 'Kultura', selectivity in the choice of its contributors, and one-sidedness of interpretations in terms of the Russian threat, which leads to a deformed image of the situation at the turn of the 21st century, as well as chronic blindness to the potential dangers that could arise should Ukraine be overcome by a nationalist ideology based on the ideologies of the 'Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists' and their main ideologue, Dmytro Doncov.
4
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Antropologia, historia a sprawa ukrainska. O taktyce pogranicza

88%
Zowczak M.
Lud
|
2011
|
vol. 95
45-66
EN
There is a clear rift between actual aims and the potential of cultural anthropology, as the discipline directed at critical and reflexive study of contemporaneity, and its place in university structures and state institutions in Poland. This phenomenon is accompanied by the stereotype of ethnology and anthropology in common sense, inherited from ethnography, which in the past time was entangled in the politics of “folk”. The author discusses the reasons for the classification of anthropology as an auxiliary science of history, asks questions about scientific politics and emphasises the significance of an academic ethnographic laboratory as an original educational project. The author describes two examples presenting her experience of cooperation with historians. One is cooperation between the historians and the anthropologist at the Expert Committee of the Ministry of Education for the improvement of history and geography textbooks. The other is the cooperation between the anthropologist and the historian during the research project on contemporary cultural practices in the Polish-Ukrainian borderland. Both types of cooperation are linked by interest in the borderland, the concept which opens up a space for negotiations between anthropology and history. This concept has many meanings and is metaphorical, which could be a methodological trap. Therefore it was presented as the key category of those two specific projects. In the end the author describes her own research project as an attempt at the implementation of the critical anthropology of the borderland.
5
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Mariupolacy

51%
Bonusiak A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2018
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1 (167)
277–303
PL
Poniższy tekst przedstawia zarys dziejów i funkcjonowania środowiska polskiego zamieszkałego w Mariupolu na Ukrainie. W pierwszej części opracowania główną uwagę poświęcono charakterystyce działalności Polaków skupionych w miejscowych strukturach polonijnych oraz ich aktywności w ramach Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego. Gros rozważań poświęcone zostało okresowi minionych 15 lat XXI wieku, choć w celu zrozumienia istoty położenia Mariupolaków sięgnięto również po omówienie wybranych aspektów z wcześniejszych dwustu lat dziejów miasta. Druga część poświęcona została zabiegom mającym na celu doprowadzenie do ewakuacji z zagrożonego wojną miasta osób polskiego pochodzenia. Omówiony został proces organizacji tego przedsięwzięcia oraz jego wykonanie. Scharakteryzowano zabiegi mające na celu doprowadzenie do legalizacji pobytu przybyszy, rozsiedlenia Mariupolaków w poszczególnych polskich ośrodkach oraz ułatwienia i adaptacji do nowych warunków funkcjonowania. Zasygnalizowano również możliwości funkcjonowania osób pozostałych w Mariupolu. Integralną częścią rozważań jest zaprezentowanie różnych form pomocy udzielanych przez Polskę i Polaków potrzebującym zarówno na Ukrainie, jak i na terenie Polski. Elementem rozważań jest także prezentacja i ocena zachowań władz państwowych, opozycji politycznej, mediów i samych Polaków w stosunku do dążeń osób polskiego pochodzenia zamieszkałych w Mariupolu.
EN
The article outlines the history and functioning of the Polish community residing in Mariupol, Ukraine. The first part of the paper focuses on the characteristics of Poles within the local Polish community structures and their actions within the Roman Catholic Church. A great deal of the discussion is devoted to the past 15 years, but some aspects of the previous two hundred years of the city’s history are also reported in order to understand the essence of the Mariupoles’ position. The second part is dedicated to efforts aimed at evacuating citizens of Polish descent from a city at risk of war. The process of its organizing and implementation is touched upon. Actions conducted to legalize newcomers’ stay, relocate Mariupoles to Polish centers, as well as facilitate and help them to adapt to the new conditions are characterized. The viability of those people who remained in Mariupol is also indicated. An integral part of this paper is unveiling forms of aid granted by Poland and Polish people to the needy both in Ukraine and on the territory of Poland. Attention is given to the presentation and evaluation of the behavior of the government, the political opposition, the media and the Poles themselves in relation to the aspirations of people of Polish origin living in Mariupol.
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