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1

Modernisation and the change of the system

100%
Laki L.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2006
|
vol. 24
|
issue 2
161-180
EN
The paper attempts to interpret the change of the system in the context of modernisation. Its starting point is that one of the significant characteristics of 20th-century Hungarian development is fundamental, rapid, economically and socially unfounded changes by leaps, based on ideology, and system changes have taken place from time to time. One of the characteristics of these ensembles of social phenomena is that the Hungarian society is not getting into a situation forcing it to change its system by its own (organic) trends and dynamics of development but as a result of external periodic changes in world economy, big power and military positions. The unfounded and sudden changes are related to the fact that the Hungarian economy and society have been moving along a developmental track for centuries that significantly differed from the direction and dynamics of development determining world economy for the past couple of centuries, and whenever new trends became dominant in the latter one Hungarian development was also forced to take along a new track. At the time of periodic changes a special situation emerges out of the different type of development, for partly challenges deriving from Hungarian development should be handled, and partly some, successful answers should be given also to the new trends of modernisation. In this sense a 'dual' challenge faced the country in the 80s and 90s: on the one hand the Kádár system producing rapid modernisation within the framework of state socialism got into a crisis by that time, and the processes of global capitalism determining the new direction of modernisation of world economy had become dominant. Though the two challenges had the same roots and appeared simultaneously, they are two different problems. The paper discusses the circumstances of the system change in detail and draws the conclusion that the political class changing the system did not give an adequate answer to this ‘dual' challenge.
2

Legitimization of Political System in Twenty One Countries

100%
Domanski H.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2005
|
issue 2(177)
5-39
EN
Analyses on sources of legitimization bear, mostly, on theoretical reflection. The author aims to assess underpinnings of legitimacy in a quantitative way. This is an empirical study which examines determinants of subjective legitimization of government and social system in 21 European societies. Data comes from the first edition of European Social Survey carried out on national random samples in 2002. Legitimization is defined in terms of support for government, democracy, and economic policy of a given state. He aims, first, at assessing relative “levels” of legitimization throughout analyzed societies. Second, various sets of individual measures of social characteristics and attitudes are employed in order to establish some universal requirements of legitimacy. Third, an attempt is made to define macro-structural determinants of variations in legitimacy related to economic development, political system, degree of corruption and social structure. Finally, these findings are discussed in reference to most recent hipotheses concerning the relations between legitimization, welfare state and decreasing confidence and trust.
3

MODERNISATION AND THE CHANGE OF THE SYSTEM

88%
Laki L.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2007
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
161-180
EN
The paper attempts to interpret the change of the system in the 90s in the context of modernisation. Its starting point is that one of the significant characteristics of 20th-century Hungarian development is fundamental, rapid, economically and socially unfounded changes by leaps, based on ideology, and system changes have taken place from time to time. One of the characteristics of these ensembles of social phenomena is that the Hungarian society is not getting into a situation forcing it to change its system by its own (organic) trends and dynamics of development but as a result of external periodic changes in world economy, big power and military positions. (Such changes were the times of the first and second world wars, and that of global capitalism.) The unfounded and sudden changes are related to the fact that the Hungarian economy and society have been moving along a developmental track for centuries that significantly differed from the direction and dynamics of development determining world economy for the past couple of centuries, and whenever new trends became dominant in the latter one Hungarian development was also forced to take along a new track. At the time of periodic changes a special situation emerges out of the different type of development, for partly challenges deriving from Hungarian development should be handled, and partly some, successful answers should be given also to the new trends of modernisation. In this sense a 'dual' challenge faced the country in the 80s and 90s: on the one hand the Kádár system producing rapid modernisation within the framework of state socialism got into a crisis by that time, and the processes of global capitalism determining the new direction of modernisation of world economy had become dominant. Though the two challenges had the same roots and appeared simultaneously, they are two different problems. The paper discusses the circumstances of the system change in detail and draws the conclusion that the political class changing the system did not give an adequate answer to this 'dual' challenge.
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