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THE MILITARISATION OF THE POLITICAL ELITE IN RUSSIA DURING THE PUTIN PRESIDENCY; AN ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATION (Militaryzacja elity wladzy centralnej podczas prezydentury Wladimira Putina - interpretacja alternatywna)

100%
Cwiek-Karpowicz J.
Studia Polityczne (Political Studies)
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2009
|
issue 23
151-172
EN
When Vladimir Putin handed over presidential authority in the spring of 2008, then, for the first time since the era of 'perestroika', there was no manifestation of a battle for power among Russia's elite. Numerous scholars, such as Olga Kryshtanovskaya and Stephen White, explain this particular process as the militarisation of the elite, which occurred hand in hand with Vladimir Putin's presidency. The article aims at the partial denying of that thesis and at suggesting an alternative interpretation of the processes occurring at the top of Russian power structure. The author demonstrates that the dominance of people with a background in the security services of the elite central authorities, the most important circle of the elite, had already occurred during Boris Yeltsin's presidency, while the casting of the most critical positions under Putin's presidency was primarily decided by factors of loyalty on the part of the elite toward their head of state, rather than their powerful support mechanisms within the structures of the security services. By the same token, at the start of 2008, it was not in the least the 'force structures' which played this crucial role, but the ministers and the higher echelons of public administration.
2

Political Class: Evolution without Progress

100%
Wesolowski W.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2004
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issue 3(174)
19-62
EN
The article discusses the processes of formation of a political stratum in Poland and the results of their actions in the years 1989-2004. The author points to several (direct and indirect) causes of the deficiencies of that stratum: party fragmentation, insufficient programmatic work, fluidity in the composition of successive parliaments. This last development negatively affects the quality of legislative work. At the same time, instability of the executive branch has an adverse impact on the quality of governance. As a consequence of these developments democratic legitimacy of the system is under pressure, populism creeps in and oligarchic tendencies appear in economy. The author suggests that if the political stratum is to perform beneficial role for the social and political system, the party structure and quality of work of individual members must improve. At the end of the article the author discusses the conditions of democratic consolidation and the conditions of effective functioning of Polish politicians in the institutions of European Union.
3

Destrukcyjne czy spajające region? Grupy społeczne na średniowiecznym Śląsku w kontekście aktywności politycznej (czwarta ćwierć XII-XV w.)

100%
Wiszewski P.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2012
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vol. 67
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issue 4
103–138
EN
Activities of social groups, which cause relations between the people of a society, constitute a crucial aspect of a given region’s nature. Did the political and social elite of the Oder region area (Nadodrze), in the time from the latter part of the 12th century until the latter part of the 15th century, take intentionally coordinated, mutually agreed upon actions. Or, after being forced by external factors to take such actions, did they continue to coordinate their activities after external factors ceased to be operative. Yet another question is, did the members of this political elite consider in their activities the notion of a unified, territorial unit called “Silesia”? Various political activities of the Nadodrze elite in the Middle Ages makes establishing a unified model of the formation of regional unity unfeasible. Activities undertaken by the dukes maintained the awareness of Silesia’s unity despite their, and their entourage’s, tendencies to focus on the importance of these small duchies. The dukes focused their activities, via conventions and confederations, towards building community awareness, combining thus far separate elites of individual duchies, especially the society of southern and middle part of Nadodrze. Despite the extended cooperation on various issues, which extended beyond the borders of specific duchies, in the latter part of the 14th and early 15th centuries, separatist tendencies were still extant. Silesian society, forged through political activities of its elite was by nature a network, which reacted dynamically to influences from its surroundings. The structure hardened sometimes, although its members valued locality at least as high as their regional identity.
4
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O pojęciu i istocie zjawiska elit

88%
Dutkiewicz G.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
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2012
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issue 3
175-184
EN
In this text, the author tries to make the interpretation of the term „elite” and organize and describe the most common definition of the phenomenon and the concept of the elite. Analysis have been selected views presented in the literature that illustrate the classic and contemporary dimension to the concept of elites and allow the answer to the question formulated in the subject line.
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