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Kadra kierownicza centralnego aparatu PPR w latach 1944-1948

100%
Szumiło M.
Res Historica
|
2012
|
issue 34
101-119
EN
In post-war (WW2) Poland, power was actually in the hands of the elite of the Polish Workers’ Party (PPR). An especial role was play by the central party apparatus, whose task was to implement the decisions of the narrow party leadership. The executive cadre of the apparatus was the members of the PPR Central Committee Secretariat, managers and deputy managers of Central Committee departments, directors of the party schools, and the leadership of the Central Party Control Commission. The executive cadre of the PPR’s central apparatus was fairly diversified in terms of social and ethnic descent, and education. The predominant members were activists who spent the World-War 2 years in the Soviet Union. The characteristic shared by 85% members of the top executive cadre was their long service in the communist movement. They came from one ideological generation of party activists and formed a tightly-knit group of professional revolutionaries. In 1944 - 1948 they were comparatively young, which enabled most of them to survive in the party elite until the late nineteen sixties.
2
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POSŁANNICTWO KOŚCIOŁA W DOBIE DEMOKRACJI I PLURALIZMU

63%
Gocko J.
Roczniki Teologii Moralnej
|
2011
|
vol. 3(58)
211-224
EN
One of the significant areas of social life, in which the Church has to fulfill its prophetic-critical function towards the world, is the domain of public life. The subject of the present study is an attempt to look at the presence and mission of the Church within social-political life. Albeit the character of academic analyses will touch the general view of the discussed issue in the light of the post-Conciliar teaching of the Church, but quite naturally some of the motifs had to touch directly the situation of the Church in the countries that from 1989 started a systemic transformation. A detailed analysis was made, among others, of the issues of the essence of genuine democracy, the relation of the Church to the state on the basis of the principle sana cooperation and the question about the way in which a challenge issued by the Church to the world and mundane reality should be introduced. The point here is making the choice that is not just apparent, between two ways of effecting social changes: the way of gradual reform and that of revolution.
PL
Jednym ze znaczących obszarów życia społecznego, w którym przychodzi Kościołowi wypełnić funkcję profetyczno-krytyczną wobec świata, jest dziedzina życia publicznego. Przedmiotem niniejszego studium jest próba spojrzenia na obecność i posłannictwo Kościoła w ramach życia społeczno-politycznego. Wprawdzie charakter naukowych analiz będzie dotykał generalnego spojrzenia na omawianą problematykę w świetle posoborowego nauczania Kościoła, ale siłą rzeczy niektóre z wątków musiały dotknąć wprost sytuacji Kościoła w krajach, które od 1989 roku podjęły się transformacji ustrojowej. Szczegółowej analizie poddano m.in. zagadnienie: istoty autentycznej demokracji, relacji Kościoła do państwa w oparciu o zasadę sana cooperatio oraz kwestię, jaką drogą wyzwania adresowa¬ne ze strony Kościoła wobec świata i rze¬czywistości doczesnej winny być wdrażane w życie. Chodzi tu o rozstrzy¬gnięcie wcale nie pozor¬nego dylematu między dwoma dro¬gami zmian społecz¬nych: stopniowej refor¬my i rewolucji.
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