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1

Faktoren der Genuszuweisung– ein Vergleich anhand von Anglizismenund Polonismen

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Nyenhuis A., Pittner K.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
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2012
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vol. 136
123-148
EN
In present-day German, the majority of Anglicisms have masculine gender, whereas Polonisms more often exhibit feminine gender. The paper investigates the rules of gender assignment with regard to Anglicisms and Polonisms (the latter based on a corpus of loan words in the dialect of Silesia) in order to account for the difference.
2
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POLONISMS IN LATVIAN DIALECTS OF LATGALE (Polonizmy w lotewskich gwarach Latgalii)

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Rembiszewska D. K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2009
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vol. 33
67-74
EN
The aim of the article is discussion of influence of the Polish language on Latvian dialects in the area of Latgale. The close contiguity as well as genetic nearness of the Polish, Belorussian and Russian languages makes it difficult to state categorically which of them was a direct source for Latvian. Knowledge of settlement in the area of Latvia does not facilitate this task as these three Slavonic nations considerably reinforced former Livonia and Courland. The material basis of the discussion constitute two studies - dialectal atlas of Latvian 'Latviesu valodas dialektu atlants' and dialectal texts from Latgale 'Augszemnieku dialekta tekst. Latgaliskas izloksnes'. The article presents analysis of names which may have appeared in Latvian dialects from Polish. Polish (as well as Belorussian or Russian) could have equivalently affected the range of lexical Latgalian dialects and neighbouring dialectal groups. These are 'bocjans' (stork), 'butelka' (bottle), koldra (quilt), mjantuzs, mentuzs (burbot - kind of fish), skvarkas (crackling). A separate group is formed by names for which the Polish language (or other Slavonic languages) was a medium for borrowing words of German origin: 'cegla' (brick), kartufelis (potato), 'skuoda' (place in a field damaged by animals), 'selma' (knave), 'svagars' (brother in law). Among Slavonic words there are such words with which it is impossible to decide on the direction of borrowing because of similarity of forms and common proto-Slavonic source: 'malina' (raspberry), 'sawa' (owl), 'zapaks' (smell). The source of polonisms in Latvian dialects were words belonging to general Polish. Therefore the argument about considerable influence of Poles who represent higher social strata seems to be confirmed. Moreover one can indicate that Polish North-Eastern dialect of the Polish borderland must have affected Latgalian dialects however it is difficult to indicate to what extent.
3
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The Fundamental Types of Borrowings in the Belarusian-Lithuanian-Polish frontier

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Starichenok V.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2006
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vol. 30
323-332
EN
The nature of borrowings in the Belarussian-Lithuanian-Polish frontier area is determined by specific character of the region, where the elements of traditional Belarusian, Lithuanian dialects & Russian language as well as dialects of 'Polshchyizna kresova' are retained. One can single out lithuanisms and polonisms, a considerable part of which has been consolidated in the Belarussian language and it's functional styles and has passed all the stages of semantic adoption. Polysemants within frontier region feel on them the influence of different dialectical systems components, that is reflected in the character of their modifications. Depending on their correlation with primary sources we can distribute borrowings into 4 fundamental groups: a) borrowings with identical correlation of lexical-semantical variants (LSV) that practically copy the semantics of foreign units, b) borrowings with relations of non-coincidence (in such a case LSV of sources on Belarussian ground are lost, forgotten and therefore within semantic structures of polysemants new LSV, previously unknown, are stated), c) borrowings with relations of crossing (semantic structures of such polysemants in Belarussian dialects and sources do not coincide at all, because, as a rule, only a part of LSV, but not the whole, is adapted, so new LSV, usually of local character, appear on it's base), d) borrowings with relations of inclusion (in such a case a word in Belarussian language and it's Polish or Lithuanian equivalents differ in quantity of LSV: in one case a foreign word keeping certain meanings of original language on the Belarussian ground develops new LSV, so it increases the semantic paradigm; in the other case a borrowing in Belarussian language loses some LSV and narrows it's semantic extent). .
4

POĽSKÉ VÝPOŽIČKY V HISTORICKOM SLOVNÍKU SLOVENSKÉHO JAZYKA

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Kopecká M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2011
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vol. 76
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issue 1-2
28 – 55
EN
The following study seeks to give an overview of Polish borrowings included in the Historical Dictionary of Slovak Language. The paper deals with e.g. botanical, zoological, administrative and legal, anatomical, culinary, military, naval and religious polonisms and partly also with their etymology, traditional forms of orthography and Slovak phonemes in Polish borrowings. It deals with their adaptation to Slovak declination, conjugation and word formation and with the geographical origin of these words.
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