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1
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Threatens vs. challenges - social consequences of the population ageing

100%
Szukalski P.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2006
|
vol. 33
|
issue 9(390)
6-10
EN
Increase in numbers and proportions of the elderly is related to numerous social, political, and economic consequences. As result population ageing could be treated both as a threaten and as a challenge to a society. The attention of the author is focused on arguments used by proponents of the mentioned approaches to the process of population ageing. A crucial argument against the first approach is - according to the author - a hidden and erroneous assumption about invariability when speaking about how age affect the health status and ability and propensity to work.
2
Content available remote

THEORETICAL AND METODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF POPULATION POLICY AND ITS CONCEPTION FOR THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

80%
Bleha B., Vano B.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2007
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vol. 39
|
issue 1
62-80
EN
The article deals with theory, methodology as well as the international and Slovak experiences with population policy. The main aim is to distinguish between the population policy and other policies, especially the family, social and migration ones. The article reviews several definitions and models of the population policy, focusing on the differences between its wide and narrow conceptions and their country-specific applications. The authors analyse the population policy in Slovakia, which could had been launched in Slovakia only after 1989 and critically assess the debates on its success and efficiency. They explore the constitutive components of successful population policy such as its founding value principles, including humanism, cultural and societal integrity, social equity, tolerance, freedom, responsibility, and inter and the intragenerational solidarity. The authors compare the legislative, social, economic, educational and medical tools and the measures of the social policy and conclude that the issues of migration, housing, equality of the opportunities and consistency between the work and family duties shall be included into the conception of the population policy in Slovakia.
3

Starzenie się i srebrna gospodarka w uwarunkowaniach rozwojowych Podlasia

80%
Zimnoch K.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 4(64)
25-36
EN
Among the consequences of ageing are changes in the structure of the economy. The silver sector of the economy is becoming increasingly important, and the dynamics of its development can inhibit the decline in growth. However, only those societies which possess relatively high levels of wealth are able to capitalize on the opportunities presented by an ageing population. The pledges and actions of various international organisations are not enough “to implement” silver economy; there will always be the problem of financing. Silver economy will not develop unless entrepreneurs become aware of the potential of senior citizens as consumers, employees, volunteers and occupants of other social roles, previously unnoticed because of stereotypes and prejudices against the elderly. Only change in the behavior of younger and older participants of business, decision-makers and actors of social policy might spur the development of the silver economy. Nevertheless, in poor regions aging still does not provide development opportunities.
4
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POPULATION AGEING AS A CHALLENGE FOR THE HEALTH POLICY (Starzenie się ludnosci jako wyzwanie dla polityki zdrowotnej)

80%
Bryla M., Maniecka-Bryla I.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2009
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vol. 36
|
issue 8(425)
14-17
EN
The paper departs from considering the role of measuring the health situation of elderly people in relation to shaping the health policy as a part of the social policy. Then the paper raises practical questions concerning population ageing. The results of two research studies dealing with this issue are evolved. The first one was carried out in 13 European countries by the Reader's Digest, whereas the second one - DIALOG Population Policy Acceptance Study was conducted in 14 European countries. Furthermore, the problems of health of the elderly are presented on the basis of selected documents of the World Health Organization and the European Union. Then the authors delve into the issue of health-related quality of life of the elderly, with the use of new measures of the burden of disease. The last part of the paper sketches the process of population ageing in Europe and in Poland. Several references are made to documents establishing the health policy.
5

RURAL POPULATION CHANGES IN MALOPOLSKA. GEOGRAPHICAL DIVERSIFICATION AND TRENDS

80%
Moskal M.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2006
|
issue 3(132)
146-161
EN
The Little Poland region (voivodeship) concentrates 11% of rural population in Poland. More than a half of inhabitants dwell in the countryside. In terms of population development the rural areas under study, in contrast with the other region of Poland, are characterized by constant population growth. In the years 1995-2004 population number increased by over 2%. However, Little Poland, like the other Polish regions, have gone through great demographic changes in the last decade. This demographic changes are connected with the general modernization process started with the transformation of the political system. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate the population processes and phenomena in the rural areas. The deliberation refer to the subject of natural movement, migration, as well as rural population vitality and ageing process. The analysis refers to the Little Poland countryside, a territory extremely diversified in terms of socio-economics and demographic factors. It indicates the socio-economic consequences of changeability of rural population from regional policy point of view.
6

INTERGENERATIONAL SOLIDARITY, THE ELDERLY AND AGEING: MAIN RESULTS

80%
Schoenmaeckers R. C., Vanderleyden L.
Studia Demograficzne
|
2005
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issue 2(148)
100-113
EN
The article presents some of the most remarkable findings of the 'ageing' module of the Population Policy Acceptance Survey. The results of analyses of the 'ageing' module include: the opinion of citizens on the rising number of elderly persons; statements regarding care of the elderly; statements regarding the ways governments ensure old-age benefits; and finally, preferences and expectations about age of retirement. The last part presents some of the most important policy implications. Although there is no doubt that citizens are aware of the fact that populations are steadily growing older there is, at the same time, the gross misperception concerning the exact numbers of older people in their countries. One of the first lessons to be drawn from the DIALOG study is the importance of providing better information. Respondents recognised the elderly as 'still socially useful', perceived them as 'defenders' of traditional values in society. Only a minority of respondents seemed to regard older people as 'an obstacle (or a burden) to change' - many were of the opinion that children (and other relatives) have some responsibility in caring for their elderly parents. In spite of their preference for informal care (a responsibility given to children and relatives), they were also of the opinion that above all, it is the responsibility of governments to provide the necessary services and institutions. One specific policy measure to compensate for the declining number of people at working age would be to increase employment among older people. At the time of this study, employment was particularly low in most countries among people from 50-64. Many respondents were in favour of 'abolishing existing early retirement schemes'. It is also interesting to note that the other preferred policy measure aimed 'to ensure the payment of old-age benefits' was 'to raise monthly taxes'. For a majority of respondents (69 percent), preferred age of retirement was found to be about 5 years earlier than expected age. This can be regarded as the paradox of population ageing. Although people can expect to live longer than ever before, they commonly retire before the legal age and wish to retire even earlier.
7

TAXONOMY OF THE AGE STRUCTURE OF POLAND'S POPULATION (CITIES AND COMMUNITIES) IN THE YEARS 1988-2002 IN THE CONTEXT OF POPULATION AGEING

80%
Kurek S.
Studia Demograficzne
|
2006
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issue 2(150)
78-95
EN
The article's aim was to create a categorization of the spatial population age structure in Poland, by the application of the Ward taxonomy method, in the context of population aging. To measure the regional differentiation in the advancement of the population ageing process and its dynamics, the following rates were used: the old age rate (the share of persons aged 65 and over), ageing index ISD and dynamic ageing index WSD. Five-year population age groups were used to define the types of taxonomic structures, which were then aligned from oldest to youngest based on the ageing indexes.The analysis for urban and rural areas was carried out for the census years, 1988 and 2002, and of the dynamics for the period 1988-2002. The Central Statistical Office provided the source data. Eight types of population age structure were recognized, both in the static and dynamic approach, which were characterized by a high spatial concentration. A more advanced ageing process was defined in the rural regions of central and eastern Poland. However a higher dynamics of the ageing process was noted in cities and, north and western parts of Poland.
8

THE NEW MEASURES OF THE POPULATION AGEING

80%
Kot S. M., Kurkiewicz J.
Studia Demograficzne
|
2004
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issue 2(146)
17-29
EN
The population ageing is usually measured by the proportion of the elderly people in the population HCR (i.e. persons at the age above a certain threshold z). That measure does not take account for the distribution of age among the elderly. It is sensitive only to changes in the size of the elderly population and the total population but it ignores the age distribution of the elderly also important from the point of view of an advancement in ageing. The paper presents new measures of the population ageing for which and idea has been taken from economics on poverty: - the absolute ageing gap AG defined as the difference between a average age of the elderly 'mi' and the age limit 'z'; - the relative ageing gap RAG which expresses the absolute gap in terms of mean 'mi' and takes values from the interval '0,1 in square brackets'; - the synthetic measure HRAG = HCR x RAG; - and the index P2 = HCR x (Vsquare + RAGsquare), where V is the coefficient of the age variation among the elderly. These new measures have been tested for analyses of the ageing process in 4 European countries in 1980- 1996: Austria, France, Spain, Sweden. The results of empirical analysis confirm that the fraction of the elderly named here as the head-count ratio HCR should be treated only as a partial measure of ageing. The proposed new measures of ageing reveal new features of ageing process which cannot be reflected by the traditional measure like the HCR. Therefore, it is suggested to extend analytical tools applied to analyse the population ageing by these new indicators which are easy for calculation.
9

MEASUREMENT OF POPULATION AGEING

80%
Cieslak M.
Studia Demograficzne
|
2004
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issue 2(146)
3-16
EN
Standard measures of ageing i.e. the proportion of older persons in the population and dependency ratios refer to changing proportions between different age groups which result from the changes in the age distribution. However, ageing results in changes of asymmetry of the age distribution as well as in an increase in such characteristics of the distribution like median or mean. A new approach to measurement of ageing, proposed in the article, takes jointly into account these aspects of changes in the age distribution. Starting from the Sundbärg's concept of the age composition for the progressive, stable and regressive populations, different theoretical distributions are defined for the subsequent phases of the demographic transition. Interrelations between an intensity of changes in mortality and fertility can be linked to shifts in asymmetry of the age distribution. Moreover, they are also reflected in different types of ageing: ageing at the bottom without compensation (constant mortality and declining fertility), ageing at the bottom with loss (increasing mortality and declining fertility), ageing at the top with compensation (declining mortality and either constant or declining fertility), ageing at the bottom and at the top with compensation (declining both mortality and fertility). Also different types of the rejuvenation process have been distinguished: rejuvenation without compensation (constant mortality and increasing fertility), with compensation (declining mortality and increasing fertility), rejuvenation with loss (increasing mortality and either constant or increasing fertility). A new measure of ageing, named old-age index, is based on both the mean age and the asymmetry index i.e. is a linear combination of the mean of age and the asymmetry index: S = M (- A + 2) where S is the old-age index, M is the mean of age, and A is the asymmetry index of the age distribution.The new measure used together with the mean age and the asymmetry index allows for a deeper insight into ageing since they account for both a type of ageing and its advancement. To demonstrate usefulness of that proposal two approaches have been used. Firstly, the ageing process in Belgium in the years 1846-2000 has been analysed. Secondly, the cross-country comparison of ageing has been done for 20 countries being in 2000 at different stages of the demographic transition. Results of both approaches illustrate that the new measure taken jointly with the mean age and the asymmetry index reflect more adequately to shifts in the age distribution than the standard measures. The proposed approach to changes in the age distribution provide with information which is useful not only for evaluation of the past changes. It can also be used for a projection purpose.
10
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DOBROVOLNICTVÍ SENIORŮ JAKO SOUČÁST AKTIVNÍHO STÁRNUTÍ

61%
Petrová Kafková M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2012
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vol. 44
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issue 2
212 – 232
EN
It’s believed that older people are potentially rich source of volunteers and volunteering is perceived as beneficial for both society and individuals. Due to the ageing of the population, the influence of individual ageing on volunteering has become crucial. The age and cohort connections of volunteering in Czech society are explored in this paper. Moreover, the factors leading to volunteering are researched using binary logistic regression. Focus is put on changes over time and differences between older people and younger ones. The findings do not show differences in volunteering based on age but demonstrate that the attitudes supported by productive ageing and active ageing concepts are influential. The rate of volunteering in Czech society has not changed since the beginning of the 90s.
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