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THE CZECH ECONOMIC ELITE AFTER FIFTEEN YEARS OF POST-SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION

100%
Machonin P., Tucek M., Nekola M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2006
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vol. 42
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issue 3
537-556
EN
The East-Central European post-socialist transformations have now reached a new stage, with the need to address the problems of further modernisation and maintenance in the context of the EU. The role of elites in this process is as intermediators between the influence of the European context and the needs and interests of differentiated internal social structures. Their attitudes and behaviour exhibit a high degree of internal fragmentation and division corresponding to various strategical orientations favouring various societal models. The post-socialist Czech economic elite was initially reproduced out of former state socialist managers and their cadre reserves. After the first phase of economic developments, inspired by neo-liberal radical privatisation and elements of 'shock therapy', and once the new, more European phase ushered in many new factors, there was a distinct decline in the number of 'old-new' economic elite on the scene. In the empirical part of the article the results of several surveys are used to briefly describe the changes in the composition of the Czech economic elite in the 1994-2005 period and to summarise their attitudes and behaviour. The analysis concludes that the current image of a liberal and pro-European Czech elite is consistent with the stable and remarkable progress of the Czech economy since 1999, the considerable wealth, strong profits, and high salaries enjoyed by top elites, and the enhancement of their role in the European economy. There are also some limitations and weak points that diverge from this general picture. The article's conclusions touch on the question of the role of the economic elite in the progress of arriving at more consensual attitudes and behaviour among societal elites as a whole, favouring further economic growth, modernisation and the strengthening of social cohesion in the context of the EU.
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Proces prywatyzacji w Polsce w latach 1990 – 2011 – przebieg i efektywnosc

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Przychodzen W.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
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2012
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issue 2(56)
131-147
EN
The paper analyses the evolution of privatisation of state-owned enterprises in Poland in years 1990-2011, its directions, intensity and economic efficiency. Total revenue from privatisation in the analysed period accounted for almost PLN 147 billion, of which almost 87% was derived from indirect privatisation. Overall, the influence of the privatisation process on the financial performance of enterprises in Poland is positive. The evidence shows that its most efficient form was indirect privatisation. Also employee-owned companies and sole-shareholder companies of the State Treasury achieved good financial results, although not for the entire analysed period. The mass privatisation programme in the shape of National Investment Funds was found to be by far least effective economically.
3

MOTIVATIONS OF 'AU PAIR' MIGRATION FROM SLOVAKIA

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Burikova Z.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 4
442-457
EN
The existing studies explain 'au pair-ing' as an economic strategy used by East-European women to cope with post-socialist transformation. The aim of this paper is to broaden this interpretation arguing that when becoming 'au pairs', young Slovaks engage with post-socialist transformation more complexly, not only on economical level. In particular the confrontation with post-socialism and importance of the experiences and skills ascribed to the West challenge traditional creation of life projects in the area.
4

RITUÁL SMRTI AKO PREJAV TRANSFORMÁCIE POSTSOCIALISTICKEJ MODERNEJ SPOLOČNOSTI (PRÍPADOVÁ ŠTÚDIA)

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Kiliánová G.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
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2007
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vol. 14
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issue 1
31-49
EN
The article deals with cultural changes provoked by the deep post-socialist transformation processes in Slovakia since 1989. It focuses on the dynamics of the transformation at a local level, providing insights into social, economic, political and other relationships of the local inhabitants. The paper presents a case study - current changes of mortuary ritual in one village and pays special attention to the local actors of transformation. It is generally argued that the observed changes are on the one hand the results of both macro-social transformation in Slovakia and of its impact at the micro-social level. On the other hand, the changes are modified by previous development and the specific local conditions. Therefore, the modifications of mortuary ritual are also studied within the wider context of modernization processes in the second half of the 20th century, in particular within the framework of the second modernization wave launched during the socialist regime in former Czechoslovakia.
5
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POLITICKÉ A DISKURZÍVNE PRÍLEŽITOSTI LOKÁLNEHO ENVIRONMENTÁLNEHO AKTIVIZMU: PRÍPAD PREMIEN BRATISLAVSKÉHO OCHRANÁRSTVA

88%
Šuška P.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 46
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issue 1
60 – 87
EN
To build environment after 1989 is among the aspects of Central and Eastern European cities most significantly affected by the post-socialist transitions. Although this might seem inevitable as the social settings producing urban forms changed dramatically, the political context of the urban built environment transformation provides an interesting area for a geographical inquiry. The city of Bratislava gives an example of how the 1989 agenda of democracy and participation have been just scarcely met in particular areas. This paper gives a relational analysis of urban governance focusing particularly on informal groups and NGOs in Bratislava advocating the conservation agenda by promoting the symbolical value of place and opposing large-scale development initiatives. It explores how during the last two decades, these preservationists acted in and affected local political opportunity structure, and thus participated in governance shifting.
6
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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Birth and Pregnancy Outcomes in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2007: An Exploration of Trends

88%
Štípková M., Kreidl M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2011
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vol. 47
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issue 3
531-565
EN
This article explores the impact of the post-socialist transformation of Czech society on the health of newborns from different socioeconomic groups. The authors used six different measures of child health—various constructs based on birth weight, length of gestation, and vitality—as dependent variables and the mother’s educational attainment as the key predictor. They used birth certificate data on all singleton births in 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2007 (N=912 591). They estimated a series of random-intercept multi-level models and report the observed trends in health inequality by maternal education. The analysis consistently and persistently showed large gaps in health between children born to mothers with elementary education on the one hand and all other children on the other hand. While the trends are not entirely congruent across all measures of child health, the authors found more evidence of growing inequality than of declining or stable inequality. Inequality grew most in the 1990s and then stabilised or even declined. They offer two tentative explanations for observed growth in inequality: the selective adjustment hypothesis and the selective childlessness hypothesis.
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