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Valence jako jádro jazykového systému

100%
Sgall P.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2006
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vol. 67
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issue 3
163-178
EN
Valency of lexical units (i.e. the sets of their obligatory and optional dependents) constitutes the main link between lexicon and grammar. As handled up to now by J. Panevova and others in the Functional Generative Description, valency provides a very good starting point for the testing of this approach in the Prague Dependency Treebank. The morphemic and especially syntactic annotation of large segments of free texts confirm that this description has essentially been formulated adequately. Even so, certain issues of valency deserve further discussion. This article partly summarizes earlier research in the Charles University Theoretical and Computational Linguistics group and adds new results. It aims to document how issues concerning a hierarchy of the types of dependency relations, the orientation of these relations, the usefulness of recognizing a third class of dependents 'between' arguments and adjuncts, etc., can be handled in useful ways using this background.
2
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K některým otázkám závislostní gramatiky

88%
Hajicova E.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2006
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vol. 67
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issue 1
3-26
EN
The popularity of dependency-based syntax has grown in the last thirty years, in spite of the fact that phrase-structure-based descriptions have prevailed in so-called mainstream linguistics. Two factors are important here: (i) a growing interest in semantics, which results in the penetration of dependency-based notions into the original phrase-structure-based grammars, (ii) dependency offers a more perspicuous view of the sentence structure and as such has played an important role in computational linguistics. We first summarize the basic tenets of both theories mentioned above (Section 2) and point out the reasons for the growing interest in dependency-based grammars (Section 3). In Section 4, attention is focused on one of the issues often quoted as problematic in dependency-based analysis, namely cases in which the surface order of words is not in accordance with the condition of projectivity. The analysis, based on material from the Prague Dependency Treebank, supports the claim made by Functional Generative Description that this issue can be adequately solved by postulating a dependency-based underlying (tectogrammatical) syntactic structure that meets the condition of projectivity and by describing the relationship between this structure and the surface word order on the basis of certain contextual conditions.
3
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Jazykové prostředky vyjadřující textové vztahy v češtinì a jejich zpracování v Pražském závislostním korpusu

88%
Rysová M.
Bohemistyka
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2013
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vol. 13
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issue 1
57 - 71
EN
The paper discusses by which language means it is possible to express certain discourse relations in Czech. The analysis is based on the annotated data from the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and deals with the language expressions that are not considered classic connectives (i.e. mainly conjunctions and adverbs as therefore, and, but etc.). Examples of such expressions (called alternative lexicalizations of discourse connectives or AltLex's) are the reason is, with the justification that, simply speaking etc. The paper presents the comparison of Czech and English AltLex's and their semantic characteristics - it analyzes their possibility of expressing an anaphoric reference. Finally, the paper demonstrates how discourse may be interlinked with coreference, as new Czech AltLex's in PDT may be found and annotated on the basis of their annotation under coreference.
4
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Ověřování lingvistické teorie nad počítačovým korpusem

75%
Hajicova E.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 1-2
131-143
EN
The building up and annotation of text corpora (both written and spoken) has become one of the urgent topics in present-day linguistics; the creation of the Czech National Corpus and the morphologically and syntactically annotated Prague Dependency Treebank documents that the Prague Linguistic School has not only kept contact with the recent trends of linguistic studies in the world, but in some aspects, it even sets an example. In the present contribution, several linguistic phenomena are selected to illustrate how a systematically designed and carefully implemented deep-level annotation of a large corpus of Czech texts may serve to verify linguistic theory. The theory underlying the annotation is that of Functional Generative Description (FGD) designed by Petr Sgall in the early 1960s as an original alternative to Chomskyan transformational grammar and developed since then by a group of Praguian theoretical and computational linguists at Charles University.
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