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KIEDY WRESZCIE PRZEMÓWI EURYDYKA?

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Więckowski A.
DYSKURS: Pismo Naukowo-Artystyczne ASP we Wrocławiu
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2018
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vol. 25
1-39
EN
For the author of the essay When Euridice will speak at last feminism is the eternally negative approach towards patriarchate, which was born with it. It is characteristic that problems mentioned in “Lysistrata” or “As- semblywomen” by Aristophanes in the 5th century BC are identical with the demands of contemporary feminism. Its successes in the 19th and 20th centuries concerning the formal emancipation of women’s rights, in the long run are both meaningful and illusory: the culture of patriarchate while granting women the voting and other rights did not change its pa- triarchal principle, it just alleviated its repressive character on a small fragment of the Western culture, though in this zone of the biggest wom- en’s freedom the forgotten disputes about the rigours of the patriarchate all the time come back to life. The paradigm of the fundamental way of thinking about the world remains unchanged, while the approach to women is just its embodiment. Patriarchate is the means of treating the world as a collection of objects to be used, it is not only an approach towards women. The contemporary culmination of the Western culture as a technological civilisation reaches its limit, whose crossing threatens with a total disaster even in the most optimistic scenarios. In this context the author of the essay perceives feminism as a huge possibility, as one of more important movements in civilisation and culture, which not only will fight for formal rights, but rather for a change of the thinking paradigm from object-oriented to sub- ject-oriented. Euridice – the silent-for-centuries subject of lost love – has to start speaking.
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Siła w słabości, czyli o (nie)skuteczności ochrony praw Polek-migrantek w małżeństwach mieszanych

100%
Kremens K., Matusz P., Półtorak M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2019
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vol. 45
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issue 4 (174)
209–234
PL
Pojęcie małżeństwa mieszanego (mixed marriage) odnosi się do związku osób reprezentujących różne kultury (intercultural marriage), religie (interreligious marriage lub interfaith marriage) czy narodowości (transnational marriage). Polki coraz częściej decydują się na małżeństwa z obcokrajowcami, które zawierane są zarówno w Polsce, jak i za granicą. Małżeństwa osób pochodzących z różnych krajów, posługujące się różnymi językami, wychowane i wykształcone w odmiennych systemach kulturowych czy religijnych, mogą napotkać na trudności w budowaniu relacji społecznych/rodzinnych. Może to powodować, że Polki będące w małżeństwa mieszanych mogą być/stać się ofiarami przemocy domowej w wymiarze ekonomicznym, psychicznym, fizycznym i seksualnym, często uwarunkowanej normami zwyczajowymi. Co więcej, nie wszystkie rodzaje przemocy czy przestępstw wobec kobiet są w ogóle w krajach zamieszkania Polek-migrantek zabronione pod groźbą kary. Sytuacja może komplikować się dodatkowo, gdy w grę wchodzi małżeństwo regulowane np. prawem szariatu. Artykuł podejmuje próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie czy polskie przepisy prawne (lub ratyfikowane przez Polskę umowy międzynarodowe) gwarantują Polkom z małżeństw mieszanych jakąkolwiek ochronę, a jeśli tak, to gdzie i w jaki sposób mogą się one o takową starać. Ważnym pytaniem jest również, jakie instytucje publiczne angażują się w pomoc tej konkretnej grupie migrantek oraz jak daleko w praktyce sięgają ich możliwości, szczególnie w sytuacji, gdy doświadczająca przemocy Polka przebywa w kraju, gdzie prawo nie rozdziela życia świeckiego i religijnego, a sprawy małżeństw podlegają (przede wszystkim) sądownictwu religijnemu.
EN
The concept of mixed marriage refers to the relationship of people representing different cultures (intercultural marriage), religions (interreligious marriage or interfaith marriage) or nationality (transnational marriage). Polish women are increasingly deciding to marry foreigners, which are concluded both in Poland and abroad. Marriages of people from different countries, using different languages, brought up and educated in different cultural or religious systems may encounter difficulties in building social / family relationships. This may mean that Polish women in mixed marriages may be / become victims of domestic, economic, psychological, physical and sexual violence, often conditioned by customary norms. What’s more, not all types of violence or crimes against women are ever banned in the countries where Polish migrant women live. The situation can be further complicated when it comes to a marriage regulated, for example, by Sharia law. The article attempts to answer the question whether Polish legal regulations (or international agreements ratified by Poland) guarantee that women from mixed marriages receive any kind of protection, and if so, where and how they can apply for it.
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#TROPY#FEMINIZM

70%
Szuba A.
DYSKURS: Pismo Naukowo-Artystyczne ASP we Wrocławiu
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2018
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vol. 25
88-107
EN
#tropy#feminizm The contemporary media message can be perceived in two perspectives: an active one, in which women perform a role of journalists and editors, and a passive perspective, in which they become a part of media mes- sage. The latter aspect is the most controversial for many reasons. Walter Lippmann defines a stereotype as an image created in the mind which al- lows a subordination of a certain fragment of reality a priori. The media’s visible, negative influence on women has them create a reality beyond the boundaries of acceptance, presenting it in a way the audience expects. A new kind of feminism appears, i.e. one which answers the receiver’s needs (succumbing to the expectations and exposing to the view), and a question appears – whether in the time of the feminist legacy, thereby changes resulting from the development of the media, feminists should gain their own unique style? In a way this begins to happen. Due to the development of the media, women gained an unrestricted possibility to express their views, and the reception and availability of the media lifts the restrictions and causes an inconspicuous person to please and sweep the crowd and his or her voice to be impossible to be ignored in the discourse.
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