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1

PREHĽAD VÝVOJA NÁZOROV NA MOŽNOSTI IDENTIFIKÁCIE SOCIÁLNEJ DIFERENCIÁCIE A STRATIFIKÁCIE V ARCHEOLÓGII SO ZAMERANÍM NA OBDOBIE MLADŠIEHO PRAVEKU

100%
Chmelo L.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2016
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vol. 20
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issue 2
533 – 546
EN
Research and reconstruction of social organization of prehistoric communities has belonged to actual and persistent topics in archaeology and related scientific disciplines – ethnology and social anthropology, since the beginning of scientific research. This contribution summarizes development of opinions and paradigms connected to identification and interpretation of social differentiation and stratification in archaeology. It also evaluates possibilities of finding those structures.
2

PROBLEMATIKA VÝUČBY PRAVEKÝCH DEJÍN

100%
Hečková J.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2013
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vol. 17
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issue 2
203 – 206
EN
Prehistory period is an integral part of human history. In comparison to other historical periods it has many specifics and these should be stressed in history teaching process. Following article draws attention to three phenomena that require a specific approach in school praxis: a specific database of sources, unstable chronological framework and the absence of heroes and narratives.
3
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RIZOMÉLIA V SLOVENSKOM PRAVEKU A VO VČASNEJ DOBE DEJINNEJ

100%
Jakab J.
Študijné zvesti
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2018
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issue 64
81 - 87
EN
In Archaeological Institute the SAS in Nitra mutually within anthropological analysis found out a very rare casuistic, called „shortened shoulder bone“: in one prehistoric settlement pit and once in early medieval grave. The shape and surface were rated macroscopically, structure were rated by sciagrams. It is a defect of development and grow apart of proximal part of shoulder bones, i. e. they were unsymmetrical shortened and deformed due to achondroplasia, obviously it was rhisomelia.
4
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USE OF OBSIDIAN IN SLOVAK PREHISTORY

100%
Kaminská Ľ.
Študijné zvesti
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2021
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vol. 68
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issue suppl. 2
231 - 250
EN
Obsidian near the Zemplín Hills comes from primary (Viničky) and secondary (Brehov and Cejkov) sources. In Viničky, primary sources of obsidian come from two phases of rhyolite volcanism. The older phase is represented by perlite breccias with obsidian found underneath rhyolite extrusive body, younger phase consists of obsidian and perlite bonded with intrusive dyke bodies.
5

RIVER TRADE IN EASTERN AND CENTRAL THRACE FROM THE BRONZE AGE TILL THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD

88%
De B. J. G.
Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina
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2010
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vol. 46
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issue 1-2
177-190
EN
There are indications that river trade between the Northern Aegean and Central/Eastern Thrace is a phenomenon which started probably already in the Early Bronze Age and probably continued till the end of the 19th century. However, most evidence comes from the Late Bronze age, the Early Iron Age and the Hellenistic period. During this last period, there is also strong evidence for Greek settlements in Thracian territory. This trade was profitable for both Greek traders and local Thracian aristocracy.
6

KDE LEŽEL HLAVNÍ ZDROJ OBSIDIÁNU V PRAVĚKU STŘEDNÍ EVROPY?

88%
Přichystal A., Škrdla P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2014
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vol. 62
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issue 2
215 – 226
EN
Carpathian obsidian represented one of the most important raw materials in prehistoric times of Central Europe. According to the distribution maps, the Slovakian source (Carpathian 1) played the decisive role not only in Slovakia but in the whole Central Europe as well. The provenance of this obsidian was supposed near the village Viničky at the southern margin of the Zemplínske vrchy Mts. But the natural obsidian from the surroundings of Viničky (no sculpture, polyhedral shape, almost non-translucent glassy mass, dimensions of pieces usually up to 3 – 4 cm) has absolutely different properties comparing the appearance of prevalent part of obsidian artefacts (conspicuous sculpture on relics of original surface, a good translucence, common dimensions of pieces above 6 cm and more). We found the occurrence of such shortly transported and sculptured natural obsidians in lenses of probably deluviofluvial gravels in air-borne sands situated in central to NE parts of the Zemplínske vrchy Mts., i. e. in the surroundings of Brehov. In recent time these deluviofluvial or fluvial rocks with obsidian are probably partly covered by younger flood loams or air-borne sands. Our finding shows the mentioned area with about 6 km2 could be the principal source supporting by obsidian Central and SE Europe from the Middle Palaeolithic.
7
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VYUŽITIE KRAJINY STREDNÉHO LIPTOVA V PRAVEKU A VČASNEJ DOBE DEJINNEJ

88%
Benediková L., Pieta K.
Študijné zvesti
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2018
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issue 63
147 - 196
EN
The paper presents the summary and evaluation of up-to-date known archaeological sources from the cadastres of Liptovské Matiašovce and Liptovský Trnovec in the Central Liptov region. The micro region stands for the valid model of the prehistorical and early historical settlement of the Liptov Basin and in certain form also of whole Northern Slovakia. Only the convincing structure from the La Tène stage of the Púchov culture could not have been testified on studied territory.
8

Rejon Środy Śląskiej w pradziejach i wczesnym średniowieczu jako przykład obszaru „pomiędzy”

88%
Borowski G.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2011
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vol. 53
151-166
EN
Among several well-established and - it would seem - unshakable views there is one that Środa Śląska developed from a trading settlement (10th-11th c.) found on an ancient route running westward from Wrocław, and that at the time of its formation it was at the centre of a densely populated hinterland. The origins of Środa Śląska and the existence of the aforesaid route recently were addressed by a number of separate studies; all of them have led to the conclusion that, contrary to the established opinion, the region of Środa Śląska was more of an area “in-between” – not fully without population perhaps, but with a substantially lower density of settlement finds. We have reason to believe this is not merely the effect of an incomplete archaeological record. The same situation is observed already during the Mesolithic, when the region of Środa Śląska was part of a larger unsettled area between the settlement micro-regions of the Barycz R., the Kaczawa R. and the Sudety Mts. During the Neolithic, when settlement preferences changed, the region of Środa Śląska is virtually without settlement, and its evident lack of attraction is visible during the Middle Neolithic when Lengyel-Polgar and Funnel Beaker settlement may be seen to flourish south of Wrocław, in the basin of the Bystrzyca and the Oława rivers, and west of Środa Śląska, in the basin of the Kaczawa R. The situation is similar in the period of Lusatian Culture, and a slightly larger number of archaeological sites associated with this age, known from the region of Środa Śląska (mainly clustering along the Odra R.), does little to alter this general view. Admittedly, during the time of the ascendancy of the Przeworsk Culture what is known as Środa-Wołów settlement micro-region stands out, but it still takes in only the area on the left bank of the Odra R., whereas the entire province of Środa Śląska (with minor exceptions) is “conspicuously empty”, in contrast to the adjacent micro-regions of Bystrzyca-Oława and Legnica. Studies made for the older segments of the early medieval period suggest that during this time also the region of Środa Śląska was not attractive for settlement. Settlement continues to be observed mainly in the basin of the Bystrzyca and the Oława as well as on the Kaczawa R. During later segments of the early medieval period the situation is similar. There was change only at the onset of the thirteenth century when, according to the most recent research, Henry I the Bearded founded an “experimental town” of Środa Śląska on a site previously without settlement. A dense network of settlements sprang up at this time, and continued to develop without break until the present age. Naturally, further in-depth research is needed to confirm the findings presented here and the new model-image postulated for Środa Śląska and its region during prehistory and the early medieval period and to explicate this status quo.
9

ZAJÍMAVÉ ARCHEOLOGICKÉ LOKALITY DOLNÍHO POMORAVÍ NA ORTOSNÍMCÍCH

88%
Kovárník J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
337 – 347
EN
The analysis of freely accessible orthophotos (remote sensing: satellite and airborne imagery/aerial photography) is of great significance in archaeological practice. In an important area of the lower reaches of the Morava River (Záhorie, Weinviertel), we found a triple trapezoidal enclosure and an outer double ditch near the village Marchegg, an arc-shaped ditch at Vysoká pri Morave, a Roman military camp near Bernhardsthal, spatially arranged ground plans at Angern an der March, a quadrangular ditch with five rows of rectangular features at Suchohrad, then the corner of a quadruple ditch enclosure (?) and another ditch with the corner (?) near Stupava or multiple circular or oval fortifications near Brodské and Drösing etc.
10

SALGOTARJAN-BAGLYAS-KO. A MULTI-PERIOD PREHISTORIC SITE AND MEDIEVAL CASTLE

88%
Horváth T., Botond Szilasi A.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue suppl 1
201 – 212
EN
Located in North-Eastern Hungary, the site occupied during several periods a medieval castle and a multi-period prehistoric settlement with a tell-like layer sequence of several meters. Similar stratified hilltop settlements, sometimes protected with some type of defences, have hitherto usually been assigned to the Baden culture. However, most of these sites are known exclusively from old excavations or finds collected during field surveys. The investigation of the Baglyas-kő site was undertaken with the goal of clarifying the spatial occupation strategies employed by different cultures during successive periods in a location that was eminently suited to constructing strongholds and of determining the periods during which the site was occupied, alongside the identification of possible correlations between the finds and various archaeological features. As it turned out, the site was not solely occupied during the Baden period in prehistory.
11

URNOVÉ POHREBISKO V PODTURNI VO SVETLE VÝSKUMU JULIUSA NEUDECKA

88%
Nevizánsky G., Prohászka P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
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vol. 69
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issue 1
45 – 53
EN
The article deals with a report and a drawing of Julius Neudeck. They are in the legacy of Friedrich Kenner in Vienna. Neudeck had reported about a burial-ground in the vicinity of Podtureň (county Liptov). His drawing shows a pottery urn, bronze tools and a map of the cemetery. Neudeck (1835 – 1909) was an amateur archaeologist of Austrian origin. He lived after his military service in Podtureň, but after the 1890s he was an Engineer in Serbia and later a consular clerk in Sofia. His report for Kenner is an important source about the cemetery of Podtureň. Thanks to his drawings, it was possible to evaluate the finds. They belong to the pre-Lusatian culture and the early phase of the Lusatian culture.
12
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ARCHEOLOGICKÉ NÁLEZY K OSÍDLENIU BOHDANOVIEC NAD TRNAVOU A NIEKOĽKO POZNÁMOK K ČINNOSTI DETEKTORISTOV

63%
Kolník T., Mitáš V.
Študijné zvesti
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2012
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issue 51
35 - 74
EN
The paper brings information about an extensive set of archaeological finds of a pick-up character from the village Bohdanovce nad Trnavou (Trnava district) which contains, in addition to a small number of pottery fragments and iron products, a large amount of copper and bronze artefacts. They include, for example, fragments of a dirk from Early Bronze Age, coin ligature of Kapos type, torso of a brooch of joint construction and other artefacts from the La Tène period, a larger amount of coins and brooches, as well as military artefacts and ornamental fittings of furniture from the Roman period, remnants of artefacts from the migration of nations period, late Avar cast fittings and strap-ends, a considerable number of belt sets from the 13th – 14th centuries, numerous modern age artefacts and devotional objects. The authors believe that the rich occurrence of fragments of various bronze artefacts, bronze ligatures, lead weights and a serial occurrence of bronze buckles from Middle Ages indicate the existence of a jewellery workshop from High as well as Late Middle Ages in the site. The workshop of this kind could have existed here as early as in the Roman period. In addition to the description and analysis of the mentioned archaeological finds the paper is concerned with the problem of finds by detectorists. Addressing the problem is considered to be urgent by the authors!
13

KRIŠTÁĽOVÝ MNOHOSTEN Z ČATAJA. K PROBLEMATIKE NÁLEZOV Z HORSKÉHO KRIŠTÁĽU V ARCHEOLOGICKÝCH SÚVISLOSTIACH ZO SLOVENSKA A NA SUSEDIACICH ÚZEMIACH

63%
Zábojník J., Mitáš V., Štubňa J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 2
343 – 376
EN
Presented study focuses on quartz crystal finds in archaeological contexts, from the late prehistory through ancient history to the medieval period. Presence of artefacts made of crystal, as well as pieces of raw semi-precious gemstone variations of quartz on different types of archaeological sites and in features dated to the wide time range are analysed. Main impulse for writing this paper was the discovery of a unique crystal icosahedron in the horseman grave 208/87 at the graveyard from the period of Avar Khaganate in cadaster of municipality Čataj, location Zemanské-Gejzove, district of Senec. This artefact, together with similar finds dated to earlier or later time periods, are viewed in wide chronological and geographical context. The authors search for similarities and differences between them, and try to explain them. Selected finds of quartz crystal and beads made from this material from the territory of Slovakia, dated from the prehistory, but mostly to early historical period and Middle Ages, were analyzed using the Raman spectroscopy method.
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