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1

ČASTICA TIEŽ V KOMUNIKAČNO-PRAGMATICKÝCH SÚVISLOSTIACH

100%
Sokolová J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2022
|
vol. 87
|
issue 1
89 – 109
EN
The ambition of this study is to present the particle also in the contexts that determine its validity in speech/text in communication and pragmatic contexts. The assessment is based on the presumption of the intentionality and purposeful nature of the speaker’s verbal action and the concept of fact. In this paper, we focus on (a) the functional characteristics of the particle also (as a presupposition trigger and updater); (b) the reconstruction of sentence meaning through the commutability of the particle also by metalinguistic expressions (explanatory operators, such as ʻtakistoʼ (as well), ʻajʼ (too), ʻaniʼ (neither), ʻnavyšeʼ (moreover) / ʻzároveňʼ (at the same time) / ʻpopritomʼ (along with) / ʻokrem tohoʼ (in addition to)); (c) identification of the frameworks of functional polyinterpretation (within the source domains of agreement, comparison and contradiction, and the relationships of cause, conditionality, and admission, etc.), which form the semantic and pragmatic basis of the functioning of the particle also and participate in its decoding and encoding. We will analyse and interpret the selected phenomena based on the data collected from the Slovak National Corpus. The numerous documents support and clarify the analysed issues.
2

SUBJEKTÍVNY VKUS A ARGUMENTÁCIA

100%
Zouhar M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2019
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vol. 74
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issue 9
754 – 767
EN
An argumentation is usually used to achieve a state in which one participant of a dialogue brings another participant to accept a belief the former presents. This idea is acceptable when it comes to disputes about (objective) facts. In the case of disputes about subjective tastes, however, the participants usually achieve a different kind of result; it often happens that they end their dialogue in a state in which they take their dispute to be resolved and, yet, retain their initial stand-points. If the disputes about tastes that end up in this state contain arguments, one may wonder what the proper use of argumentation in such disputes is. The present paper addresses this issue. The main idea consists in that the participants coordinate their positions by bringing their opponents to tolerate their respective subjective attitudes toward the items under discussion. This kind of response is framed by a contextualise semantics of predicates of personal taste.
3
Content available remote

Rhematizers Revisited

88%
Hajičová E.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 2
57-70
EN
In our contribution, we have tried to re-examine the previous findings on the properties of a certain class of particles, and we have come to the following conclusions: (i) there is a special class of particles that have a specific position in the TFA of the sentence; (ii) these particles have some common features with negation; (iii) these particles called in literature rhematizers, focalizers or focusing particles need not be restricted to a position indicating the focus (rheme) of the sentence; rather, they can occur also in the topic of the sentence; (iv) there can be more than a single focalizer in a sentence; (v) it is therefore necessary to distinguish between the focus of the whole sentence and the focus of a focalizer; (vi) the scope of a focalizer has important consequences for the semantic interpretation of the sentence; (vii) a consistent annotation of language corpora that takes into account the topic-focus articulation of the sentences as a component part of the underlying sentence structure makes it possible to get a deeper and broader insight into the issue under investigation.
4

SOME REMARKS ON THE MILL - FREGE THEORY OF NAMES

88%
Lo Guercio N.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2018
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vol. 25
|
issue 4
442 – 455
EN
In a recent paper García - Carpintero (2017) argues that proper names possess, in addition to their standard referential truth conditional content, metalinguistic descriptive senses which take part in semantic presuppositions. The aim of this article is twofold. In the first part the author presents an argument against García - Carpintero’s presupposition view, which he calls the collapse argument. In short, he argues that the view has the unwelcome consequence of making contexts of use and felicitous contexts of use collapse. If this is correct, a presupposition account of the metalinguistic descriptions allegedly associated with proper names proves incorrect. In the second part the author sketches an alternative Millian strategy which is able to account for the evidence which allegedly supports the presupposition view.
5

DEFINITE DESCRIPTIONS AGAIN: SINGULAR REFERENCE, QUANTIFICATION AND TRUTH-EVALUATION

75%
Kotatko P.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2009
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vol. 16
|
issue 4
552-568
EN
The author defends a combination of Strawson's explanation of definite descriptions as devices of singular reference par excellence with the Russellian truth-evaluation of utterances of sentences with descriptions. The complex Russellian proposition is, according to the author's view, introduced by such utterances into communication as a by-product of the instrumental side of an attempt to make a singular statement. This, precisely like the instrumental aspects of similar attempts exploiting names or demonstratives has to be reflected by analysis but should not be confused with the communicative function of utterances. The success of all these attempts depends on the fulfilment of empirical conditions of various types, given by semantics of descriptions, names or demonstratives (unless the relevance of these conditions is neutralized by another identification factor dominating in given context). But their communicative function does not consist in claiming that these conditions are fulfilled. The author agrees with Strawson that the first two conjuncts of the complex Russellian proposition are introduced into communication as presuppositions: but argues in favour of defining presupposition (in pragmatic sense) in normative, rather than intentional terms.
6

Prywatne życie znanych osób w tabloidach

63%
Wiącek A.
Oblicza Komunikacji
|
2011
|
vol. 4
199-208
EN
The private life of well-known people is a topic often covered by the tabloids. Weddings, romances, and divorces of politicians, musicians, and other public figures are of the great interest of these newspapers. It is worthwhile noticing that not every such a relationship is treated in quite the same way. The aim of this article is to introduce the way in which the tabloids deal with the private lives of the famous. It takes as examples the divorce and following relationship of the former prime minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, and the marriage of actor Cezary Pazura to Edyta Zając. In each case there is a common factor; the man is considerably older than his partner, who is similar in age to his own children. The presentation of Marcinkiewicz and his fiancée in the media is compared with the image of their relationship created by him and his fiancée. The way this relationship was presented by the press is then compared with the media presentation of the marriage of Cezary Pazura. The rhetorical techniques used by the journalists and the effect they created are also shown. Each pair is described in a different way. Writing about the former prime minister, journalists either write negatively or judgmentally, trying to condemn his decision, retreating into irony, employing stereotypes, and describing situation with a mocking tone. The private life of the actor, although it acts as fodder for jokes and various comments, is not, in fact, the subject of such aggressive attack ― the media are rather more positively inclined towards him. This article attempts to clarify reasons of these differences.
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