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EN
The purpose of this paper can be described as follows. The contemporary philosophical logic cannot work without using some terms well-known from mathematics and (mathematical) logic. Among such terms that play an important role in logical and philosophical analyses of language, meaning and the like we can find function, procedure and construction. One problem is that various authors use these terms in various ways, another problem consists in the well-known fact that many philosophers do not have any idea of what those and similar terms could mean. The present paper tries to explain why an exact explication of the three mentioned terms can contribute to understanding and even solving many problems with semantics of natural language, which a philosopher should be (and frequently is) interested in.
Studia Ełckie
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2014
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vol. 16
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issue 4
495-522
EN
The subject of this article are offenses which are the basis for dismissal from the clerical state. At the pre- article explains how the loss of the clerical state standardized in canon 290 of the Code of Canon Law. These methods are: judgment judicial or administrative decree, the papal rescript and the Holy See, and the penalty of dismissal imposed in accordance with the law by committing a serious offense by a cleric. Then, detailed and thoroughly discussed the reasons for dismissal from the clerical state. The procedure for dismissal from the clerical state was divided into two sections. The first is the procedure for transfer of a priest to the lay state. Described special powers to transfer a priest to the lay state, which has been given to the Congregation for the Clergy special powers to transfer the clergy to the lay state. The second procedure is the procedure for dismissal from the clerical state, which is reserved to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
|
issue 9
735 – 753
EN
The work tends to point out the deficiency of some opinions claiming simplified presentation of the promise as the act that directly raises obligation for the promisor. Promises, either in the moral or legal sphere, are based on communication and so form an order of dependent steps that indicates their procedural nature. These characteristics may differ to a lesser extent, depending on the legal systems, moral norms of the society and its technical level and its needs. In all these cases, how-ever, the procedural characteristics of promises, especially in conditional promises, as well as the promises in contractual relations, persist. In our analysis we wish to show that the consistent conception of promise has to take into account a step of acceptance. The outcome of this approach relativizes a strong distinction between promise and offer.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2016
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vol. 71
|
issue 8
629 – 643
EN
In this article the author’s suggestion is to apply the semantic concept of procedure also to the explication of the concept of method in general: A method is a procedure consisting of sub-procedures. Applying methods can lead not only to achieving knowledge, but also to creating pieces of work such as plans, projects programs etc. Thus, we get on to the theme of praxeology as a rational theory of action. The stimuli of action are directives which instead of status quo or its transformation have a direct objective, namely action. The role of method as a procedure in integrating the elementary implementing steps of the latter is underlined, i.e. sub-procedures or instructions. Thus the author casts doubt upon conceiving of method as merely a sequence of steps. In conclusion he offers the definitions of analytical and empirical methods.
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