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THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF A FORGOTTEN TOPIC: SOCIOLOGY OF PROFESSIONS IN THE CHANGING WORLD OF WORK (Pritazlivost zabudnutej temy: sociologia profesii v meniacom sa svete prace)

100%
Hofreiter R.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2009
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vol. 41
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issue 5
411-436
EN
The main task of this article is critical analysis of usefulness of the concept of professions. The main argument presented in article is that the most widespread theoretical perspectives on professions - based on structural functionalism or neo-Weberian approaches - are not helpful in analysis of contemporary world of work. We argue that actual transformation of organization of work is the main reason why the concept of professions as a special and unique occupational group should be abandoned and replaced by the concept of professionalism, understood as a specific discursive mechanism of control.
2
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AGE AS THE REASON FOR ENDING AN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP AND THE LOSS OF A LICENCE TO PRACTISE A PROFESSION (Konsekwencje osiagniecia okreslonego wieku dla stosunku pracy i prawa wykonywania zawodu)

100%
Witkowska M.
Kontrola Państwowa
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2012
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vol. 57
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issue 1(342)
119-141
EN
The issue of age, especially with regard to employment relationships, is related to the principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination that has been set forth in numerous acts of international law, conventions of the Council of Europe and the European Union law. In the Polish law, this principle is expressed in Articles 32 and 33 of the Constitution. However, both Community and national regulations provide for exceptions to this rule, related, for example, to the maximum age at which certain professions can be practised, sometimes below the commonly binding retirement age. These exceptions are permitted when physical and mental fitness is necessary to do a given job. The article presents permissible forms of different treatment of employees because of their age. The author focuses on an analysis of cases when age is, in accordance with the law, the basis to end an employment relationship and to lose a licence to practise a profession. The article also presents legal regulations that provide for age limits for practising certain professions, and indicates the reasons for such regulations.
3

STARTER POSITION CHANCE - FULFILLED DREAMS? SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AMONG THE SPORT-TALENTED YOUTH (Indulo eselyek - beteljesitett almok? Tarsadalmi eselyegyenloseg a tehetseges fiatal sportolok koreben)

100%
Velenczei A., Kovacs A., Attila S., Tamas S.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2009
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vol. 19
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issue 4
109-129
EN
Although the wider public would think that sport is one of the most democratic subsystems in the society, in the last quarter of the 20th century and the early part of the 21st century substantive empirical research has shown that social inequalities are reflected in sporting practices and more generally in cultural consumption; furthermore, these tendencies may be even stronger. The aim of this study is to analyze social equality or inequality in a special field: in consideration of the new generation of competitive sports. The Hungarian state has started a Sport Talent Care Program (named Heracles Program) to nurture those 14-23 year-old talented young sportsmen, who are to be the future hopes of the country. The purpose of the research was, therefore, to analyze the social background of these young athletes and to discover the existing social inequalities in this population. In addition, the authors examined these sportsmen's affinity for their sport, and whether youngsters perceive sport as a professional activity or just as a beneficial recreational pastime. The results showed that the talented young athletes participating in the state-financed programs come from the middle or upper classes, as they did in 1976. Their parents' qualification level is high; they have good profession and excellent jobs. The number of the lower class-youngsters is almost negligible. From the results, it can also be concluded that sport as a profession is non-appealing for the young. They would like to follow the way of their parents: a good qualification and a decent job in everyday life. Nowadays competitive sports - already at a young age - demands hard work all day. These young people invest the bulk of their time and substantial energy into competitive success, thus there are permanent conflicts between them and their environment (parents, coaches, leaders of the club), and even within the athletes themselves.
4

PROFESIA A IDEOLOGICKÉ VÝZVY. SCYLLA, CHARIBDA A CISH

88%
Kováč D.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 4
601 – 607
EN
The article is devoted to the process of professionalization of history writing. It documents how the process of professionalization was exposed to various ideological challenges from the beginning. It was always complicated for the historian to maintain a declared independence and objectivity, since the subject of his research was the society of which he was a member himself. Ideological challenges came both from nationalism, as one of the dominant ideologies of the 19th and 20th centuries, and from the totalitarian ideologies that accompanied the totalitarian socio-political systems of the 20th century. Nationalism had the result that historiography began to concentrate especially on so-called national narratives. This caused the isolation and mutual estrangement of national historiographies. In opposition to this isolation, attempts at professional networking by historians already arose at the end of the 19th century. At first, these led to the holding of international congresses for the historical sciences, and from 1926 to the creation of the International Committee of the Historical Sciences (ICHS). In the past and in the present diversified world, this organization has always had to confront two threats: national isolationism on one hand and complete abandonment of the political and social engagement on the other.
5

K OTÁZKE RODOVÝCH ŠTÚDIÍ: ŽENY V OPERNEJ A OPERETNEJ PREVÁDZKE BRATISLAVSKÉHO MESTSKÉHO DIVADLA (1886 – 1920)

63%
Lengová J.
Musicologica Slovaca
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2014
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vol. 5 (31)
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issue 1
66 – 87
EN
In the light of gender studies, this paper examines how female singers and composers exercised their professions, and their social and artistic status, in the Bratislava City Theatre during the years 1886 – 1920. The source base is a study of the daily newspapers Preßburger Zeitung and Westungarischer Grenzbote. From what the theatre critics wrote, it is concluded that both men and women could exercise the profession of singer with comparable success, with decisive criterion for evaluation being the singer’s performance and his/her creation of the theatrical role. A more detailed description is given of the guest performances of the singers Lujza Blaha (1850 – 1926) and Irma de Spányi (1861 – 1932). There were long-lasting prejudices against women composers. The positive reception of the premiere of the now lost opera Tamaro, by the Bratislava composer Countess Alexandrine Esterházy-Rossi, in the Bratislava Theatre (1907), is presented in the wider context of female musical creativity and contemporary domestic opera production, and also as a proof of the gradual transformation of older conservative views.
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