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SUFIX *-ĒN- V SLOVANSKÝCH ETNONYMÁCH VO SVETLE ICH VARIANTNOSTI

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Diweg-Pukanec M.

Konštantínove listy

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2023

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vol. 16

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issue 1

3-10

EN

When researching Slavic tribal names, we may come across several tribes with two names based on one and the same root. This concerns, inter alia, also ethnonym Slav/Slavon. The names with the suffix -jane/-ěne, from Proto-Slavic *-ēn-, coexist with the other names, which are mostly autodenomination, and patronymic ones, however, they are not always derived from the latter names and they cannot mostly refer to a place. The assumption of analogies to Moravian-type ethnonyms, which were the most common in medieval times, is not fully justified, since the age of the records suggests that the records with the suffix *- ēnare as old or in several cases even older than those without it (e.g. *Tuchorěne, known as early as the 10th century, is recorded as *Tuchori only in the second half of the 11th century). In the light of this fact, the suffix *-ēn- must be reinterpreted.

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K PÔVODU MORAVSKÉHO RASTISLAVA Z JAZYKOVEDNÉHO HĽADISKA

86%

Diweg-Pukanec M.

Konštantínove listy

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2020

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vol. 13

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issue 1

44 - 50

EN

This paper deals with three names of the successor to the throne after Mojmír I, ruler of Great Moravia, in the historical records: *Rastislavъ, *Rʼästicь and *Rasticь. The Late Proto-Slavic personal name *Rastislavъ of the Great Moravian ruler is doubtful. The names *Rʼästicь and *Rasticь are Central Slovak because Proto-Slavic *-ītjo > West Slavic (including Central Slovak) -icь and Proto-Slavic *orst- > South Slavic as well as Central Slovak Rast-, and Central Slovak ra- > rʼä- > rä- (cf. Central Slovak räsť, riasť). This fact has many historical consequences, the most important of which is the origin of the so-called Rastislav of Moravia.

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SYSTEMIC PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PROTO-SLAVIC LANGUAGE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NASAL VOWELS AND JAT' (Systemowe zmiany fonologiczne w jezyku praslowianskim a rozwoj nosowek i jat')

86%

Pianka W.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2007

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vol. 56

EN

In Slavic linguistics, it was commonly accepted from the beginning of the 19th century that the oral articulation of Old Church Slavonic nasal vowels didn't differ from the articulation of the oral vowels o and e. This opinion was probably based on the fact that the only language that had retained nasal vowels - the Polish language - had this kind of articulation. It was believed that the Old Church Slavonic language didn't differ much from the Proto-Slavic language, and this articulation was accepted for the reconstruction of the phonology of that language. The vowel jat' (e) was treated as an open e, which in some languages and dialects has developed in certain environments into a (Polish and Bulgarian), in other cases into e (this change operated also as an environmentally unconditioned one in Serbian, Macedonian, Russian and Belarusian), but also into i (in the Ukrainian language and Croatian dialects), into the diphthong ie / je (in Croatian), or has remained a distinct close phoneme ('e' in Sorbian languages). The back nasal vowel has in most of the languages changed into u, but in some of them into o (Slovenian), into a (Bulgarian) and further into a (Macedonian). The front nasal vowel changed into e (in the remaining South Slavic languages) or into a (East Slavic languages, Upper Sorbian and initially Czech and Slovak), whereas in Lower Sorbian it merged with the jat' reflexes. In literary Polish, (after long and short nasal vowels had merged) since the 16th century, we have reflexes articulated as e () and o (). The views concerning the articulation of nasal vowels and jat' begun to change under the influence of G.Y. Shevelov's works (1964), which - based on previous borrowings of Slavic words into non-Slavic languages and vice-versa - marked a significant turning point in views on the phonology of the Late Proto-Slavic period. The dialectal materials (taken mainly form works published in connection to the Slavic Linguistic Atlas - OLA) presented in this paper enable a preliminary revision of the views concerning the realisation of Early Proto-Slavic nasal vowels and diphthongs, from which jat' derived. In nearly the entire South Slavic area, a figures among the reflexes of the front nasal vowel and of jat', which points to the common development of Proto-Slavic front diphthongs (containing i and nasal vowels), and therefore to an open articulation of the initial jat'. Therefore the so called jat' umlaut (in Bulgarian or Polish) is not an umlaut, but the original pronunciation before non-palatal consonants. The parallel development of back diphthongs (containing u as well as and nasal vowels) is even more visible: in case of diphthongs containing u, on the entire area, and where the nasal diphthongs are concerned, covering the great majority of Slavic dialects and languages.

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2 Konštantínove listy

1 Rocznik Slawistyczny

1 2023

1 2020

1 2007

2 Diweg-Pukanec M.

1 Pianka W.

SUFIX *-ĒN- V SLOVANSKÝCH ETNONYMÁCH VO SVETLE ICH VARIANTNOSTI

K PÔVODU MORAVSKÉHO RASTISLAVA Z JAZYKOVEDNÉHO HĽADISKA

SYSTEMIC PHONOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PROTO-SLAVIC LANGUAGE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NASAL VOWELS AND JAT' (Systemowe zmiany fonologiczne w jezyku praslowianskim a rozwoj nosowek i jat')