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IMPROVING URBAN PUBLIC SPACE (Poprawianie miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej)

100%
Drozdowski R.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2010
|
issue 3(336)
3-17
EN
The opening thesis of the article is the assumption that discussion on urban public space rarely becomes a pretext to put forward postulates and demands that strengthen the 'system' and contribute to social disintegration. However, improvement of urban public space, mentioned in the title, includes a wide range of concealed and unintended negative consequences. The following can serve as examples: socially unconsulted gentrification programs, policy of administrative overregulation justified by the need to increase public security, standardization of urban space or instrumental treatment of public art.
2

ANALYSIS OF POWER INTERVENTIONS INTO PUBLIC SPACE AS A TOOL FOR RESEARCH INTO CITIES IN NON-DEMOCRATIC REGIMES (SOCIOLOGICAL-HISTORICAL APPROACH)

80%
Pekár M., Fogelová P.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2023
|
vol. 12
|
issue 2
89 – 98
EN
According to the prominent sociologist Henri Lefebvre, space is an instrument of power. Every state regime strives to use space for social control through various interventions. While in democratic regimes the use of public space is the result of by majority-accepted interventions, in non-democratic regimes these are power interventions usually based on ideological starting points, not generally accepted by society. On the contrary, interventions into public space are becoming one of the tools for implementing state ideology into the consciousness of society. In their research on public space, German sociologists Walter Siebel and Jan Wehrheim defined its four basic dimensions – legal, functional, social and material-symbolic. Interdisciplinary sociological-historical research of interventions into each of these dimensions seems to be a suitable analytical tool in understanding the relationship between public space and the state regime, the conclusions of which allow a detailed understanding of the nature of individual non-democratic (authoritarian or totalitarian) regimes typical for twentieth-century Europe, as well as transnational ideological connections. In the article we introduce our interdisciplinary socio-historical approach on the example of the authoritarian para-fascist regime of the Slovak state (1939–1945).
3

PUBLIC SPACE IN LATVIA: THE HERRNHUTER MOVEMENT

80%
Plume I.
Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia
|
2008
|
issue 2(55)
27-38
EN
Topography has always had a comparatively stable and important role in the diffusion and currency of philosophical ideas. The Herrnhuter movement is also associated with a specific area of influence, specifically Vidzeme, which is one of the regions in Latvia, and Riga, which was known as a trading centre. This movement significantly influenced Latvia's cultural landscape and introduced changes in religion, ethics, education and the social sphere. The first writers, musicians, teachers and cultural workers came from the ranks of the Herrnhuter movement, or the Congregation of the Brethren. The authoress conceptualises the philosophical and cultural-historical context of public space, and analyses aspects of socio-philosophical discourse of the Herrnhuter movement. She concludes that the Herrnhuter movement shaped the public space by bringing into it common views and symbols that constructed a common social reality; by promoting the exchange of knowledge and interests; and by producing the first intelligentsia. The movement also echoed ideas of Humanism and the Enlightenment. Although the public use of mind was rather limited because ideas were disseminated in manuscript form, criticism of social themes indicates a confrontational position with regard to the state - that was something new in the public space of that time.
4
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Energia przestrzeni publicznej współczesnego miasta

80%
Pokrzywnicka K., Juchnevic K.
Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW
|
2013
|
issue 2
121-128
EN
The concept of beauty in the landscape of the city has become relative; the aura of the place, attractiveness, value to attract customers regardless of the time of the day and year became important. Not always the public space gives good energy to the recipient. Sometimes, contrary to the expectations of the originators of consumer offer for this space, it is even considered to be repulsive. The phenomenon of generating good or referred to as bad energy by urban public spaces existing in reality, is an interesting research topic. It can accommodate both the newly created public spaces, old, historic spaces currently being reformed and iconic space. The way to create new successfully cases of public spaces is relying on multidisciplinary studies of the sociology and psychology of architecture.
5
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THE PROJECT OF DEVELOPING THE PUBLIC SPACE OF POZNAN (Projekt zagospodarowania przestrzeni publicznej Poznania)

80%
Luczys P.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2010
|
issue 3(336)
35-50
EN
The article in an attempt to look critically at the plan of the 'Public Space Charter' created in years 2008-2009 in Poznan, which was aimed at codifying the rules of the city's public space development and management. The postulates of the authors' of the plan are reconstructed on the basis of the Charter's two constitutive elements - 'Assumptions of Public Space Charter' and 'Preliminary Project of Public Space Charter'. The authors also take into account issues that had been omitted or inaccurately formulated in the documents, or require the application of international experiences within the scope of urban public sphere. The article is also an attempt to initiate a debate on the so far unused potential of the project in question, which being the first of this kind in Poland, and one of a few in Europe, deals with the essential - from the point of view of urban sociology - theme of 'game for a city', but shows a simultaneous lack of reflection on aspects connected with its implementation.
6

PUBLIC ART

80%
Dziamski G.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
|
2005
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vol. 49
|
issue 1
47-55
EN
There are two concepts of public art; the old one and the new one. The first one can go back to the 1960s. Old public art had modern and formalist character, in fact it meant art in public places. The new public art is postmodern and anti-formalist, it is paradoxical offshoot of dematerialization of art and relates rather to the public sphere than to public places. It aims at permanent extension of the field of discursivity and undermining the 'communist fiction' that society has one common goal which could be uncovered by scientific research. New public art defends the public sphere in which those, who are ruled should have the same right to speak as those who rule; it defends politics against various forms of depoliticization of social life. New public art moves the interest of artists (Joseph Beuys, Hans Haacke, Christo, Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger and others) from aesthetics to politics, from art to life, or to put it in other words - from artlike art to lifelike art. postmodernizm
7

WHAT IS PUBLIC ART?

80%
Krajewski M.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2005
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vol. 49
|
issue 1
57-77
EN
The main goal of the article is to define new kind of artistic practice - public art. The author presents fundamental formulations of this phenomenon in art criticism and history of art, and proposes his own approach. According to it public art is such a kind of artistic practice, which takes place outside traditional artistic institutions and whose main goal is to create public sphere and to materialize democratic order. The article contains some reflections upon public art genesis and evolution and argues that public art shouldn't be defined as another kind of art because it is a very particular specific cultural practice. The author also attempts to present changes of public art in the last four decades and create classification of public art genres.
8

RIGA CENTRE - PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS (Rigas centrs - problemas un risinajumi)

80%
Lejnieks J.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2004
|
vol. 4
163-169
EN
Building activity is a synonym of economical development, so the society's discontent with new edifices in Riga centre seems paradoxical because of parallel calls for rapid economic growth. Obviously building activity happens in places where it should not but avoids places where it would be necessary. The former ones are mostly public spaces like squares, the latter ones - gaps left by war damages in the building districts. The problem is a well-known contradictory situation in the interpretation of a certain process. During the last years none of the large projects in Riga centre has been realised without smaller or larger scandal. Valdemars' and Stockmann Centres, the Triangul Bastion and 'Saules akmens' skyscraper as well as construction in the Station Square, Town Hall Square and Strelnieku Square are most renowned bones of contention. It should be noted that these are municipal properties afforded for long-term lease with building license. The Valdemars' Centre was constructed in the place of a small wooden building that housed a popular restaurant before the war. Community was informed about the new building in the Station Square only after it was leased out to investors. The Stockmann Centre by the railway embankment was created as an alternative to the failed construction of a multi-level parking lot. It was started in a contestable way when the Riga City Council decided to change the status of natural foundation on both sides of the canal that was approved by the general plan of the City in 1995, permitting construction. The Triangul Bastion was also created with the pretext of building parking lots. There is a simple answer to the question about contradictory choices to be made when part of community is for the new building and part against it. These choices are created by political and economical forces, competing for influence in the City's development and subsequent financial profits. Architects become hostages in this process and they can perform their duty and become 'free' only if they had managed to achieve the impossible - to transform public space in a way acceptable for community.
9
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ÚLOHA PÔVODNEJ A MODERNEJ ARCHITEKTÚRY PRI ESTETIZÁCII VEREJNÉHO PRIESTORU

70%
Pecníková J.
ESPES
|
2013
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vol. 2
|
issue 1
54 – 60
EN
The contribution deals with the topic of aesthetization of public space and use of modern architecture in historically valuable environment. These issues have been debated for a long time. The aim of our contribution is connected with questions concerning the topic of aesthetization. We defined the following questions: How can coexistence of history and present state of architectonic works reflect the city ́s image. Can symbiosis of historical and contemporary, old and new create more suitable conditions for realizations of cultural activities? Can architecture of today be regarded in terms of respecting the architectonic language of the past and does it respect past monuments with honour? Public spaces that should play its representative function are to a great extent influenced by interventions into historical architectural structure. In the conclusion of our contribution we present the reader with several famous examples from Slovakia as well as from abroad which confirm that aesthetisation of public space is to a great extent dependent on adherence to and respect of cultural traditions.
10

NÁZVY ULÍC A NÁMESTÍ V ZAJATÍ POLITIKY. ZOZNAM SLOVENSKÝCH DEJATEĽOV SCHVÁLENÝCH NA POMENOVANIE VEREJNÝCH PRIESTRANSTIEV V ROKOCH 1939 – 1945

70%
Mikulášová A., Palárik M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2016
|
vol. 20
|
issue 1
178 – 211
EN
Streets and squares on the Slovak territory were repeatedly renamed during the 20th century. Representatives of political regimes were aware the symbolical and ideological importance of public spaces. During WWII the political regime was openly seeking patterns in Nazi Germany. Ruling Hlinka´s Slovak Peoples Party was interested in the purifying of public spaces. Representatives of previous democratic regime of Czechoslovak republic and exponents of democratic ideas became unwanted. Preferred were different historical figures. The result was list of approved personalities whose names were allowed to use while renaming streets and squares.
11
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URBAN TRANSFORMATION FROM PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE TO SPACES OF HYBRID CHARACTER

70%
Nissen S.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2008
|
vol. 44
|
issue 6
1129-1149
EN
The main characteristics of public space are accessibility and usability for all citizens. However, current developments, primarily observed in cities, suggest the loss of a clear distinction between public and private space. Instead, urban spaces of hybrid character are emerging. Spaces with public functions, like train stations, parks or pedestrian areas, are changing in character, and semi-private spaces, like malls or plazas, are spreading. In order to get a realistic view of developments this article offers a critical appraisal of recent privatisation trends followed by a brief summary. After discussing feasible reasons for the loss of private space the article considers potential implications for the future of citizenship.
12
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Marginalizacja i wykluczenie społeczne w przestrzeni miejskiej

70%
Abłażewicz-Górnicka A.-G.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
|
2013
|
vol. 22
231-242
EN
Te article presents the problem of spatial marginalization and exclusion in the context of modern Polish cities. Te analysis concentrates on marginalization in the area of housing assets (access and quality), public space (physical, visual and symbolic limitations), restrictions of spatial mobility and participation in spatial development. Te conclusion comprises the signifcant mechanisms of spatial marginalization, including municipal policy and socio- cultural factors.
13

VDNKH EXHIBITION: STALINIST MAIN PROPAGANDA VENUE AND ITS TRANSFORMATIONS OF TODAY

70%
Lobodanov A., Zinovieva O.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2016
|
vol. 5
|
issue 2
38 – 49
EN
The Moscow All-Union Exhibition of Agriculture (VSKHV) since 1939 or, as it has been known since 1959, the All-Union Exhibition of Economic Achievements, (VDNKH), has just reclaimed its second original name and is ready for another series of urban transformations. The current trend of the growing interest in Soviet cultural heritage, awareness among professionals and common people, together with the need to maintain and use the dilapidating propagandistic Stalinist “temples” and “palaces”, as well as its misused public space have convinced the City Administration to look for investors and balance between preservation and remodelling. This paper explores both professional and public attitudes toward this place, how bloggers and web-pages reflect on what is going on there, and asks whether the Exhibition is seen as a glorious history of the fallen regime or is it still a vision of a bright future, as once declared by the designers of the Exhibition.
14
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Miejskie „laboratorium” wielokulturowości. socjologiczno‑fotograficzna próba obserwacji relacji międzykulturowych w przestrzeni publicznej Białegostoku

70%
Niziołek K.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
|
2012
|
vol. 20
67-107
EN
Bialystok is a culturally diversifed city. Tis fact results in the presence of different cultural groups in the city public space, which at the same time becomes a feld for manifestation of cultural identities, and meeting (or even clashing) of these groups. Resorting to documentary photography, the authoress attempts at observing the instances of multiculturalism in the space of Bialystok in order to create a typology of local intercultural relations. Te laboratory metaphor used in the article refects the dynamic quality of the observed phenomena: diverse cultural groups, reacting one with another as chemical components in a laboratory, constitute the local community with its particular symbols, practices, and problems. Te public space they occupy and make use of is a place of a natural social experiment – the creation of a multicultural social order within the city boundaries
15

KRAJINNÁ VÝSTAVA V CHEBU: HISTORICKÁ KONTINUITA VYUŽITÍ VEŘEJNÉHO PROSTORU

61%
Brabačová M.
Mesto a dejiny
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2015
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vol. 4
|
issue 2
72 – 83
EN
Considering town design with regard to the originality, identity and traditions can play an effective role in city. The study focuses on changes in organization and usage of the public space in town caused by historical, demographical and political processes, and on process of identification of citizens with urban area. Via German phenomenon of landscape exhibitions we will observe reception and usage of green areas in border town Cheb. Differences in usage of the original and the recent one were caused by massive demographical change: after war removal of German inhabitants. Transforming the public space in Cheb via landscape exhibition we compare with the same process which took place in German border town Marktredwitz. Research methods used for writing this study were analysis of documents related to landscape exhibitions in general and with Chebean and Marktredwitzean exhibition in particular, participant observation and narrative interviews.
16

VEREJNÝ PRIESTOR V PROCESE KULTÚRNEJ AKCELERÁCIE

61%
Janto J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2014
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vol. 62
|
issue 1
45 – 58
EN
This study is concerned with the issue of public space in contemporary social changes. The author believes that the key phenomenon in the process which is generally designated as globalisation is the speeding-up of development, an acceleration of changes in attitudes, models, values, and technologies. This cultural acceleration has a fundamental influence also on the perception of space and time. Since the mid-20th century at the latest, the category of space has come to the attention of sociocultural anthropology. The fundamental question to be explored is the mutual influence of space and social processes. Public space plays an important role also in the renewal and development of settlements, whether through the utilisation of social relationships or through cultural values (social and cultural capital). Finally, the author presents the relationship of inhabitants to the public spaces, taking the examples of Bratislava- Petržalka and Stupava. He shows how these spaces also contribute to the creation and construction of the residents’ relationship to the settlement. The involvement of residents in decision-making, in his view, is not just an expression of democracy at the local level but also a means of building a relationship and feeling of responsibility towards the locality, and a precondition for the sustainability of accomplished changes.
17

KAM ZMIZLI SOCHY LENINA A GOTTWALDA? PREMENA ČESKOSLOVENSKÉHO VEREJNÉHO PRIESTORU PO ROKU 1989

61%
Hudek P.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue 1
115–145
EN
This article focuses on the situation in the public space of Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution in 1989. It analyses the status and interventions on monuments and memorials built during state socialism in Czechoslovakia. Attention is given to the statues of communist leaders and their emblems (Lenin, Gottwald, Zápotocký, Militiaman, and others). The text is divided into eight interconnected parts. The first and second sections of the article explore in detail the public space in Czechoslovakia during November and December 1989 and its visual side. The other parts focus on the treatment of pro-regime monuments – their removal, destruction, and replacement. The sixth and seventh sections are dedicated to the museumization of these unwanted objects in squares and museums. The last part examines the new potential uses of statues from the period of state socialism in terms of their transformation into new representative symbols or their sale. The main aim of this article is to respond to questions related to statues and monuments used as political representations from the period of state realism and their cultural and historical role after 1989 in former Czechoslovakia. The research seeks to take a critical look at the accepted hypothesis that statues of the former regime were destroyed and more closely discusses their status after the Velvet Revolution.
18

OPAVA – THE CITY MEMORY CHANGES UNDER DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AND REGIMES

61%
Jirásek O.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2020
|
vol. 23
|
issue 3
48 – 69
EN
Opava has always been a city on the border. So there have been many changes of regimes and states to which Opava belonged, as well as changes of the city’s ethnic composition. The most numerous and rapid changes happened during the 20th century; whereby the city was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1918, then the first Czechoslovak republic until 1938, then part of the German Reich until 1945, then returning to be part of the Czechoslovak republic until 1993 and finally, as part of the Czech Republic till today. The aim of the paper is to analyse and compare the politics of memory and efforts to change Opava’s symbolism. The study focuses primarily on the projection of ideologies and identities onto the symbolic landscape under different regimes during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Within the research the concept of urban symbolism is used in dealing with the city’s cultural dimension with a focus on the distribution and meaning of symbols and rituals in relation to the cultivated surroundings. The study is limited to the analysis of urban public space aspects, such as the destruction and construction of symbolic sites (plaques, statues, monuments, buildings, graves), the renaming of streets and places, and commemorative rituals. The paper synthesizes the results of research of urban symbolism and politics of memory in the public space of Opava. It interprets and shows how urban public space has been adapting to the changes of regimes and the city symbolism has been modified consciously but also indirectly.
19

THE ROLE OF POLITICAL FACTORS AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESOLUTIONS IN SCULPTURE (Politisku faktoru un administrtivu lemumu loma telnieciba)

51%
Caupova R.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2006
|
vol. 5
156-165
EN
Sculpture in public space has been subjected to influences of ideological and political contexts as well as commissions from dominant authorities and religious institutions in almost all periods of history. Monuments realized in permanent materials have served to declare the might of the dominant political system, its ambitions and pretensions of existence. As sculpture in public space became an instrument of propaganda, administered territories were marked not just with works created in valuable materials but pieces in more modest materials as well. For instance, during the first post-war years public space was mapped with numerous plaster or concrete busts and figural monuments of Lenin erected at central town squares, close to institutions and schools but highway sides, parks, sanatoriums and kindergartens were decorated with kitschy plaster sculptures of pioneers, sportsmen and other cliche figural motifs found throughout the USSR. These plaster figures were cast at the USSR Art Foundation workshops after several officially acclaimed etalons and sometimes local artists were involved in realizing commissions based on accepted patterns. According to the slogan that art should be socialist in content but some traces of national culture can show in its form, there were also figures in national costumes. This low-quality mass art production in Latvia was called 'highway ghosts' or 'plaster ghosts'. Artists protested against these superficial sculptures made of cheap materials, and such objects were gradually removed. The plaster and concrete images of Lenin started to deteriorate and ruin in open air but it was not allowed to dismantle them. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s they had to be replaced by monuments in permanent materials - granite and bronze - in almost every town of Latvia. During this period of occupation Lenin monuments and memorial ensembles dedicated to Soviet soldiers made up the most part of sculpture in the public space.
20
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Po wstędze Moebiusa. Miejskie działania artystyczne jako próba recyklingu przestrzeni publicznych

41%
Izdebska K.
Opuscula Sociologica
|
2012
|
issue 2(2)
45-59
PL
W przestrzeń wpisana jest pamięć, historia, codzienne zdarzenia, ludzkie wspomnienia i fi zyczne elementy, które mogą stać się materią, podlegającą wtórnej obróbce, opartej na procesach przechowywania, sortowania, przetwarzania, powtórnego wykorzystania. Treści zawarte w określonej przestrzeni przyjmują formę przypominającą wstęgę Moebiusa. Ten swoisty recykling oznacza system obiegu elementów materialnych i niematerialnych danej przestrzeni, które mogą być wielokrotnie przetwarzane. Takiemu procesowi podlegają zwłaszcza obszary zdegradowane, zmarginalizowane, dysfunkcjonalne (m.in. poportowe). Zakładając, że jednym ze środków odzyskiwania przestrzeni jest sztuka publiczna, w artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytania: jaką rolę odgrywa ona w kreowaniu, przetwarzaniu i odzyskiwaniu przestrzeni miejskich, jakie są przyczyny i funkcje działań artystycznych typu site-specific i community-art oraz jaki jest ich społeczny skutek.
EN
History, everyday events, human memories and physical elements are interweaved with the space around us. They constitute materials which are subject to recycling; the processes of storing, sorting, processing and re-use. Information contained in a particular space has a form that resembles a Moebius band, creating a system of recycling with a circulation of tangible and intangible elements from that given space which can be constantly processed. This form of process applies especially to degraded, marginalized or dysfunctional spaces (e.g., defunct ports). On the assumption that one way of recovering space is through public art, it has been attempted in the paper to discuss the role of art in creating, processing and recovering our urban spaces, as well as the conception and functions of site-specifi c artistic actions and community-art in public spaces, along with their social impact.
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