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1

SLOVAK-CZECH PHILOLOGICAL PARALLELS FROM THE ASPECT OF (SOUTH) SLAVIC LINGUISTICS. (THE IDEA OF 'SLAVIC RECIPROCITY' AND SLAVIC LINGUISTIC CONFLICTS)

100%
Horak E.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2007
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vol. 42
|
issue 2
102-110
EN
A comparative-linguistic account of the historical development of two Slavic languages can reveal phenomena that are not recognizable from a single linguistic perspective. This is also true about the comparative study of a sensitive and frequently tabooed subject matter of conflicts between the Slavic languages.In this contribution we focus on the Slovak-Czech linguistic conflicts and examine them from the perspective of the similar linguistic conflicts among South Slavic languages, particularly between the Croatian and the Serbian language. Such a comparison sheds new light on some linguistic conflicts, such as the conflict between J. Kollar (an advocate of one common Czechoslovak standard language) and L. Stur (a supporter of two separate standard languages) in 1846. Moreover, comparing the consequences of the Slovak and the Czech language reconciliation with the absence of such reconciliation in the Croatian-Serbian linguistic problems at the time, we can view the 20th-century conflicts between the latter two languages from a new perspective.It is concluded that the linguistic conflicts between the particular Slavic languages shall not be tabooed nor viewed in a negative perspective. They served as the means of struggle between two or more concepts searching for the optimal solutions in the contexts of the convergent and divergent developments of the particular Slavic languages. The special attention shall be given to these linguistic conflicts also at present, when searching for new coordinates of the Slavic geo-political space within current globalization processes.The linguistic conflicts and the notion of Slavic reciprocity should not be viewed as a contradiction. On the contrary, it seems that the seeds for the Slavic linguistic conflicts were already planted in Jan Kollar's four-root concept of Slavic reciprocity. Moreover, it seems that the optimally resolved linguistic conflicts foster the development of a true Slavic reciprocity.
2

DEVELOPMENT OF THE LATVIAN LANGUAGE, PURISM AND PRESCRIPTIVISM

100%
Veisbergs A.
Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia
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2010
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vol. 18
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issue 1
7-32
EN
Language is in a state of flux; changes show that the language is viable and that it can adapt to the changing world. Nevertheless, one often hears a pessimistic view of the processes occurring in the Latvian language, and one hears calls for halting or retarding the changes. Latvian linguists frequently look for the Golden Age of the language in an unspecified period in the past. This paper reveals the extra-linguistic and intra-linguistic processes that drive language change, surveys the new media with their specific language varieties, and addresses sociolinguistic issues that will determine the fate of the language. The author calls for acceptance, not hindrance, of what is taking place in the Latvian language. The paper also outlines the problems of linguistic purism and its manifestation in the context of the Latvian language. It is hard to assess the impact of purism on the Latvian language because the appeals and suggestions of purists do not have a major impact on language in general. In some cases, however, purism limits vocabulary choices and the way these choices are reflected in lexicographic sources. Dicta issued by purists often create confusion and uncertainty, complicate life and spoil one's mood.
3

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE I.

100%
Ondrejovič S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2020
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vol. 85
|
issue 2
127 – 142
EN
The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.
4

PURIZMUS V DISKRIMINAČNOM DISKURZE II.

100%
Ondrejovič S.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 3
243 – 264
EN
The author develops some ideas and suggestions of Juraj Dolník, the principal author of the project Discriminatory Instrumentalization of the Language, as well as ideas and motives from Dolník´s monographic works and studies (especially Dolník, 2007, 2010, 2015, 2017, 2020), or as well as some works written by like-minded domestic and foreign authors. Discrimination occurs in particular when the assimilation security of the discriminated entity is distorted at the level of harmful differentiation, unequal treatment and disadvantage. The author also adds another aspect of discriminatory activities, or another aspect of distortion of the assimilation certainty – limitation (restriction), or inhibition (impeding, slowing down) of the real application and positive use of the potential offered by living natural language to its users, which they use (or do not use) at a different level for different purposes depending on their needs or situation. This text also engages purism and relevant ideologies in discriminatory discourse. Purist language care focuses on maintaining the language standard, and thus on reducing any changes in the language, as if in the interest of the language. In addition, purists strongly oppose words of foreign origin, which also does not contribute to the health of the language. Stability has never meant, and does not mean, its immutability, and in fact for this reason, even in modern linguistics, there has been no discussion of any stability, but only of flexible stability. The standard therefore adapts as required by language and life practice. The paper also analyses discriminatory acts related to purism and their ideologies, such as protectionism, defeatism, conservatism, purism, homonogenism, decadentism, etc. It also discusses the correlation between discrimination and globalism, the relationship between purism, nationalism and totalitarianism, the relationship between multilingualism and the concept of lingua franca within the European Union, as well as the relationship between systemological and sociopragmatic linguistics.
5

SKÚMANIE JAZYKA LITERÁRNEHO DIELA V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

100%
Vaňko J.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2022
|
vol. 87
|
issue 3
588 – 606
EN
The issue of the language of a literary work was at the centre of attention of the Slovenská reč journal from the very beginning of its existence. It was related to the efforts of the editors to establish the standard of literary Slovak and increase its culture in practice, with a special emphasis on the culture and purity of the language of literature. Therefore, the contributions about the language of the literary works of Slovak writers are mainly published in the years 1932-1939, i.e. in the period of the peak of the purist focus of the journal, clearly of a language-critical nature: they point out language errors, especially Bohemisms in the analysed literary texts. After 1945, when Slovenská reč as a journal for the Slovak language research definitively abandoned the position of purism, contributions about the language of a literary work are oriented towards a functional analysis and interpretation of the language of a literary text.
6
Content available remote

„Euročeština“ v lucemburských překladech dokumentů Evropského parlamentu

86%
Hoffmannova J., Simandl J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2008
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vol. 69
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issue 3
113-127
EN
This article tries to give an answer to a frequently asked question: how (and how much) is contemporary Czech influenced with the processes of European integration? The authors have had recently an opportunity to analyse a great number of official administrative texts that had been translated into Czech (mostly from English) by the members of the group of translators who work in Luxemburg as a service for the European Parliament. This analysis confirmed the conviction of Czech translators in Luxemburg: the main problem is not a great amount of loanwords in Czech but rather an ambition of translators to find always a Czech word (a new 'purism'); and than a highly complicated composition of sentences.
7

Takzvané „vztažné věty nepřívlastkové“: současné názory na jejich status

72%
Danes F.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
|
2009
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vol. 92
|
issue 4
169-183
EN
The units of this category of non-restrictive (non-defining) clauses do not express a quality of the denotatum of the head noun, but they provide a continuation of the semantic content of the head clause (continuative clauses), present an explanation of it or further information about it, or simply comment on it (explicative clauses). Puristically oriented linguists reject these units as 'incorrect', 'false', whereas other scholars accept them without reservations, some with certain stylistic limitations. The present author points to the stylistic relevance, necessity and utility of this special category of relative clauses and to the fact that they are currently used in various written genres. Such clauses are freely used in a number of European languages and the author does not find any reasonable argument why they should not be considered and accepted as a fully standard, correct means of expression in Czech as well.
8

LATVIAN ART THEORY 1900-1940: ROUTES AND SOURCES OF INFLUENCE (Ietekmju virzieni un avoti latviesu makslas teorijas lauka (1900-1940))

72%
Pelse S.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2006
|
vol. 5
62-64
EN
The issue of centre-periphery relationships has increased in importance in the context of the globalised world and enlarged European Union. While Western researchers seem to be more focused on previously marginal areas, Eastern art historians still see much work to be done exploring the connections between local phenomena and more dominant cultural centres. In fact the largely secondary nature of local material opens up a wide spectrum of influences and analogies waiting for elucidation. There are not many works on connections in particular, but a focus on the context and possible patterns of influence has become an indispensable part of the most recent publications in Latvian art history. Studies of Latvian art-theoretical heritage indicate that German sources have been the most influential in shaping Latvian authors' opinions on what is art and how its development could be conceived. Max Liebermann, Richard Muther, Julius Meier-Graefe, Wilhelm Worringer and other writers on art should be mentioned in this respect. French influences that started to spread with Hippolyte Taine's ideas were important but more indirect, episodic and sweeping, mostly seeking alternative models to the local heritage of German and Russian traditions. So French Cubist and Purist idioms were particularly attractive for local modernists but Henri Begson's stance was especially widespread in the field of aesthetics and philosophy. Apart from the Russian avant-garde ideas introduced by Voldemars Matvejs, Russian art-theoretical sources had a limited impact, more related to particular authors' interests. In general, Latvian writers on art have been inconsistent and rather skeptical towards the radical avant-garde. The argument of national art as being at a relatively early stage of development encouraged the ancient tradition of thinking on art as a recreated and perfected imitation of nature.
9

ALEKSANDRA BELCOVA'S (1892-1981) WORKS OF HER ABSTRACT MODERNIST PERIOD (Aleksandras Belcovas (1892-1981) abstrahejosa modernisma posma darbi)

58%
Jevsejeva N.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2010
|
vol. 13
63-74
EN
The artist Aleksandra Belcova was born in the small Russian town of Surazh in 1892 but spent the most part of her life in Latvia. In 1919 she came to Riga to marry the Latvian artist Romans Suta and stayed in her second homeland till her death in 1981. Belcova's name is mentioned in Latvian art history not just in relation to Romans Suta but as an artist in her own right. Belcova was an outstanding representative of 1920s art along with other members of the Riga Artists Group (the name has become synonymous with Latvian modernism). After graduation from Penza Art School in 1917, Belcova set off for Petrograd to enter the Free State Art Studios headed by Natan Altman. Belcova's 'Self-Portrait in a Blue-Rimmed Hat' (canvas, oil, 43 x 44.5 cm, SBM) offers a deep insight into the inner world. The young, beautiful woman (as Belcova was at the time), is depicted as a fragile, spiritual being of an indeterminate age with a pale face and large, dark curves beneath the eyes. Belcova continued to search for solutions in composition and form in her series of decorative panels for the interior of the 'Sukubs' cafe. Suta devised this peculiar name for the eatery run by his mother (opened in summer 1919) by combining the names of the two most popular art movements - Suprematism and Cubism. Interpreting Belcova's art of the early 1920s, it is difficult to spot consistent development of picture form. 'Constructive Composition' (early 1920s, canvas, oil, 76.5 x 60 cm, SBM) is one example demonstrating the possible appropriation of some artistic means from Fernand Leger. Acquiring the methods of construction of the modern painting, Belcova oriented herself towards certain models - Juan Gris and Albert Gleizes in particular.
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