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Azja–Pacyfik: megaregionalne porozumienia handlowe. Między integracją a strategią rywalizacji o wpływy

100%
Kozłowski S. C.
Sprawy Międzynarodowe
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2015
|
issue 3
41-64
EN
Examining integration in the Asia-Pacific region, with emphasis on the most important currently-negotiated mega-regional trade agreements, such as the Transpacific Partnership (TPP), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) or the Free Trade Area Asia Pacific (FTAAP), the text offers an economic and political analysis of the history and current status of the three projects aimed at lowering trade barriers across a much wider range of sectors than under classic preferential trade agreements. The new agreements are reviewed in a broad context of changes on the global scene, in particular the growing power of China, which has become a key force behind relationships in Asia and a challenge to the strategic and economic status quo, especially to the global supremacy of the United States. Outlining the history of the agreements, their key features and the motivations and actions of the main actors, the author concludes that there is indeed a competitive and mutually stimulating relationship between them.
2
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Odejście od modelu westminsterskiego: Konstytucyjny i międzynarodowy Status Kiribati

80%
Eska-Mikołajewska J.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2017
|
vol. 22
19-35
EN
British political practice has played a key role in shaping the political and legal systems of the nations of the Commonwealth. Among the Commonwealth member states are Kiribati, which became the subject of interest in the British Empire in the second half of the 18th century. White colonizers at the end of the 19th century took over the protectorate over the islands, which in 1916 was converted into a British colony. In the mid-1970s, the colonies split into two parts. Independent status of Kiribati was proclaimed definitively in 1979. Considering the international aspect, it has been a sovereign member of the United Nations since 1999. On the other hand, on the basis of constitutional solutions, like many other states that were once part of the British colonial Empire, Kiribati adopted and implemented the foundations of the Westminster model of democracy. Through the evolution of the system, gradually moved away from the traditional pattern, giving way to other concepts of government and politics. However, there is no justification for Kiribati’s complete denial of the original assumptions of the Westminster model of governance for other constitutional solutions. It will be more convincing to conclude that Kiribati now has a mixed system of government: it has got the elements drawn on the British tradition as well as taken from the presidential system.
3
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Les enjeux du tourisme de croisière dans le Pacifique Sud Le cas de l’Île des Pins (Nouvelle-Calédonie)

80%
Kania K.
Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne
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2018
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vol. 18
145-162
EN
The large cruise ships and their passengers, present on the coasts of the Isle of Pines more than a hundred days per year, have become an important component of the tourist landscape of this Melanesian island. Today, the reception of cruise ships’ tourists is a very important activity for the tourism industry, as well as for the members of the local community. However, they have a desire to strike a balance between their traditions and the development of tourist activities. What is the state of the development of this activity on the island? What are the consequences of thedevelopment of cruise ship tourism on the Isle of Pines and what are the challenges related to the development of this activity?
4
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Regionalisation or Regionalism? The Contemporary Legal Status of Cooperation in the South Pacific

61%
Siekiera J.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
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2020
|
vol. 11
101-116
EN
This article aims to analyse the legal status of regional cooperation among the South Pacific countries and territories, as not every entity in the Pacific Basin possesses International law features of a state. Regionalisation, as well as regionalism, as illustrated by the example of the South Pacific region, is a new topic to examine, especially in the Polish and European literature. Therefore, this topic does need further and deeper analysis. First of all, both regionalism and regionalisation are international phenomena that were set against the process of globalisation only in the last two decades of the 20th century. Secondly, the Pacific Ocean became more dominant in geopolitics than the Atlantic Community at the beginning of 21st century. There are many publications regarding local cooperation mechanisms worldwide. Most of them, though, concern political and/or economic integration, and neglect the legal aspects of regional integration. The outcome of this article is nonetheless to present the contemporary legal statusof the South Pacific cooperation, though it is at the stage of regionalisation, while not yet regionalism – fully formalised and structuralised just as it is on the other continents.
5
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Migration and Foreign Aid as Factors Restraining Regional Cooperation in the South Pacific

61%
Siekiera J.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2022
|
issue 2 (51)
19-27
EN
Cooperation in the South Pacific region is unique due to the characteristics of its participants. Following the period of decolonization (1962-1980), countries in Oceania have radically changed. Achieving independence gave those nations international legal personality, yet complete independence from their former colonial powers. The following consequence was gaining an opportunity to draft, adopt and execute own laws in national and foreign policy. PICT (Pacific island countries and territories) have been expanding connections, political and trade ones, within the region since the 1960s when permanent migration of islanders and intra-regional transactions began. Migrations along with foreign aid are considered as the distinctive characteristics of the Pacific Ocean basin. Since the 1980s, the regional integration in Oceania, through establishing regional groupings and increasing the regional trade agreements number, took on pace and scope. The MIRAB synthetic measure (migration, remittances, aid, bureaucracy) has been used in analyzing the Oceania developing microeconomies. Last but not least, migration and foreign aid have been retaining the region from a deeper and more effective stage of regionalism.
6
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Australia in the Time of Crisis: Multidisciplinary Determinants

61%
Siekiera J.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2020
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issue 4 (49)
223-226
EN
The paper reports the conference on Australia, organized by the Polish research association based in Cracow (Australia, New Zealand and Oceania Research Association, ANZORA). The 2020 edition was already the 12th conference entitled Australia in the Time of Crisis: Climactic, Cultural, Economic, and Political Solutions. This year, the co-organizing unit was the University of Łódź, as every year, ANZORA promotes Pacific Studies at different Polish universities. The hosting faculty was the Faculty of International and Political Studies, with its Chair of British Studies and the Commonwealth Countries, as well as the “Australian Studies” Scientific Association. The panelists came from numerous disciplines and eight academic institutions from Poland and three from abroad. In total, there were 21 presenters: young scholars, experienced academics, independent researchers as well as enthusiasts of the Australian continent. Besides the University of Bergen in Norway, foreign speakers represented the Université de Bourgogne in France and the Australian Embassy in Poland. Three diplomatic missions have taken the honorary patronage over the event. Those were the Australian Embassy, the Embassy of New Zealand, and the Polish Embassy in Australia. The supporting institutions were the University of Bergen, the Polish Geopolitical Society, and the Academy of European Careers Foundation.
7
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Comparing Human Rights in Europe and Oceania. The 9th International Conference of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Systems of Protection of Human Rights in Europe and in Australia & Oceania. Warsaw, (April 24-25, 2017), Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce and the Polish Parliamentary Association.

61%
Siekiera J.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
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2017
|
vol. 1 (46)
337–340
EN
The paper reports the ninth International Conference of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Systems of Protection of Human Rights in Europe and in Australia & Oceania; Universal’s Context – Regional’s Specific – Implementations’ Conditioning which took place in Warsaw on April 24-25, 2017. It was organised on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Rome Treaties, 25th anniversary of signing the Treaty of European Union and 30th anniversary of establishment of the Australian Human Rights Commission. Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce along with the Polish Parliamentary Association gathered academics, politicians, diplomats and lawyers to discuss human rights in Europe and Oceania.
8
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European Union Policy towards the Pacific Island States

57%
Siekiera J.
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
|
2015
|
vol. 5
163-170
PL
The article concerns the idea as well as the form of international cooperation between states and international organizations, illustrated by the example of the relationship between the European Union and the Pacific region. There is some useful literature on the subject but this needs be to completed. The influences of the world’s leaders collide on the Pacific Ocean, which gives this area primacy in geopolitical domination, slowly downgrading the Atlantic Community. The main purpose of the paper is, therefore, to research the possibilities and methods of legal and extrajudicial cooperation betweentwo continents which are very distant from each other. This work underlines the difference between official policy, presented by the regional intergovernmental organizations, and the individual policies of member states, who are not tied down by Brussels politics and may maintain their own foreign relations.
EN
The article concerns the idea as well as the form of international cooperation between states and international organizations, illustrated by the example of the relationship between the European Union and the Pacific region. There is some useful literature on the subject but this needs be to completed. The influences of the world’s leaders collide on the Pacific Ocean, which gives this area primacy in geopolitical domination, slowly downgrading the Atlantic Community. The main purpose of the paper is, therefore, to research the possibilities and methods of legal and extrajudicial cooperation between two continents which are very distant from each other. This work underlines the difference between official policy, presented by the regional intergovernmental organizations, and the individual policies of member states, who are not tied down by Brussels politics and may maintain their own foreign relations.
9
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Pacific Islands Development Forum – Emergence of the New Participant in the Pacific Regionalism

41%
Siekiera J.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
|
2019
|
vol. 28
|
issue 3
EN
Pacific Islands Development Forum (PIDF) was formally established through signing of an agreement in 2015. The two previous gatherings were informal and did not bring any legally binding documents. The 3rd summit, entitled “Building Climate Resilient Green Blue Pacific Economies” introduced not only the constituting agreement, being an international treaty, what in turn made PIDF an intergovernmental organization having its own legal personality, but also created the pivot for the new wave of the Pacific regionalism. The regional cooperation among the small island states is being made ineffectively and economically inefficiently due to many reasons. The most relevant of which are the over fragmentation of the existing regional organisations and constant creation of ad hoc institutions which have no personality, powers or sanctions for non-fulfilment of the jointly adapted agreements.
PL
Forum Rozwoju Wysp Pacyfiku (Pacific Islands Development Forum – PIDF) zostało formalnie ustanowione przez podpisanie umowy w 2015 r. Dwa poprzednie spotkania były bowiem nieformalne i nie przyniosły żadnych prawnie wiążących dokumentów. Trzeci szczyt, zatytułowany „Budowanie odpornego na warunki klimatyczne zielono-niebieskiego Pacyfiku”, wprowadził nie tylko konstytuującą podstawę prawną, będącą wszak umową międzynarodową, co z kolei uczyniło z PIDF organizację międzyrządową posiadającą osobowość prawną, lecz także stworzyło podwaliny nowej fali regionalizmu na Pacyfiku. Współpraca regionalna pomiędzy małymi wyspiarskimi państwami jest nieskuteczna i ekonomicznie nieefektywna z wielu powodów. Najważniejsze z nich to nadmierne rozdrobnienie istniejących organizacji regionalnych oraz ciągłe tworzenie instytucji ad hoc, które nie mają osobowości prawnej, uprawnień ani sankcji za niewykonanie wspólnie przyjętych porozumień.
10
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Sylwetki polskich dyplomatów na Pacyfiku

41%
Siekiera J.
Polonia Journal
|
2015
|
issue 1-2
247-267
EN
The paper aims to illustrate profiles of important Polish diplomats in relations between Poland and the Pacific. The characteristics of the Pacific region, its geopolitical position towards Europe, the relatively small trade, as well as limited diplomatic ties do not pose a priority direction to Polish diplomacy. However, as been shown by Western scholars, the role of Oceania gradually increases, neglecting the existing supremacy of the Atlantic Community. Warsaw efforts to maintain and then to deepen friendly relations with the Pacific are caused by various reasons. There is a need for establishment strategic partnerships on the political and economic basis. This is crucial for Poland, which looks to strengthening its role on the international arena. Polish ambassadors and consuls, including honorary consuls work on many areas of bilateral cooperation, often beyond the obligations under the Vienna Convention. That is the daily work of Polish diplomats, which allows bringing closer two distant regions (in both geographic and social sense) for our mutual benefit. Some significant names have to recalled already here: John Roy--Wojciechowski, former Honorary Consul of Poland in Auckland, whose multidimensional activity influenced development of Polish--New Zealand relations, Bożena Jarnot, Honorary Consul in Hawaii, involved in popularising Polish culture in the UK and Paweł Milewski, Polish Ambassador to Australia and Papua New Guinea, who is the Foreign Ministry envoy to establish further diplomatic relations with the Pacific.
PL
Referat ma na celu przedstawienie ważnych dla relacji Polska-Pacyfik postaci polskich dyplomatów. Specyfika regionu Oceanu Spokojnego, jego położenie względem Europy, relatywnie mała wymiana handlowa, a także nieliczne stosunki dyplomatyczne z państwami Pacyfiku Południowego sprawiają, iż nie jest to kierunek priorytetowy polskiej dyplomacji. Jednak, jak wskazują zachodni badacze, rola Oceanii stopniowo acz znacząco rośnie, deklasującym tym samym dotychczasowy prym Wspólnoty Atlantyku. Starania Warszawy o nawiązanie, a następnie pogłębianie przyjaznych relacji z państwami Pacyfiku spowodowane są m.in. potrzebą ustanowienia partnerstwa strategicznego na gruncie politycznym i ekonomicznym. Ma to kluczowe znaczenie dla Polski, która dąży do umocnienia jej roli na arenie międzynarodowej. Polscy ambasadorzy oraz konsulowie zawodowi, a także honorowi, działają na wielu płaszczyznach współpracy bilateralnej, nierzadko wykraczając poza obowiązki wynikające z Konwencji Wiedeńskich. To dzięki codziennej pracy dyplomatów z Polski, dwa tak odległe geograficznie i społecznie regiony mogą współdziałać na rzecz obopólnych korzyści. Już teraz należy wymienić nazwiska Johna Roy-Wojciechowskiego, byłego Konsula Honorowego RP w Auckland, którego wieloaspektowa aktywność znacząco wpłynęła na rozwój relacji polsko-nowozelandzkich, Bożeny Jarnot – Konsul Honorowej na Hawajach, angażującej się w popularyzację polskiej kultury na Wyspach oraz Ambasadora RP na Australię oraz Papuę Nową Gwineę, Pawła Milewskiego, który jest wysłannikiem MSZ w ustanawianiu kolejnych stosunków dyplomatycznych na Pacyfiku.
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