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System partyjny Księstwa Liechtensteinu

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Kozbial K.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2011
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issue 1(15)
365-392
EN
This article elaborates on the party system in Liechtenstein, from its inception to contemporary -day politics. In analyzing the development of political parties in this country and taking into account the current classifications, the author comes to the conclusion that the system should be classified as a two- -and -a -half -party one. The article focuses on the continuity of the system as well as its characteristics: the dominance of two parties; a high electoral threshold for political parties, making it difficult for smaller parties to enter into the parliament; and a system of shared governance of the two dominant parties. These characteristics are the result of, among other things, the voting tendencies of the citizens of Liechtenstein, who are unwilling to change their voting preferences.
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System finansowania partii politycznych w Polsce - praktyka i kierunki rozwoju

51%
Zawadzki J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 169
216-225
EN
The system of financing political parties in Poland is based on the principle of budgetary subsidy. Commonly criticised, the system underwent a change in 2011, which meant a 50 % decrease in the subsidy. The change was received positively by the general public, although the system requires further reforms. They might evolve in three directions, namely: 1. eradication of subsidy and considering political parties private enterprises, 2. replacing the already existing system with the so - called targeted subsidies, 3. introducing 1 % deduction from the income tax of the citizens. In the Polish political conditions, connected with the present majority electoral law, targeted subsidies seem to be the most effective solution, though. There are many such examples in this area in other European Union countries.
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