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QUATTUOR LIBRI SENTENTIARUM MAGISTRI PETRI LOMBARDI

100%

Bafia S.

Forum Teologiczne

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2016

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vol. 17

207-221

PL

Ks. Biskup Julian Wojtkowski, emerytowany biskup pomocniczy archidiecezji warmińskiej i – również emerytowany – profesor teologii na Wydziale Teologii Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie obdarował miłośników i historyków filozofii i teologii średniowiecznej, ale nie tylko, polskim przekładem nieocenionego dla historii filozofii i teologii dzieła Piotra Lombarda: Sententiae in IV libris distinctae – Cztery księgi sentencji (tom I – Olsztyn 2013, ss. 638; tom II – Olsztyn 2015, ss. 695). Wydaje się, że ta okoliczność jest wystarczającym powodem, by przypomnieć osobę Mistrza Piotra i jego dzieło, tym bardziej że w polskiej literaturze filozoficzno-teologicznej nie poświęcano mu większej uwagi. W artykule omówiono życie Piotra Lombarda oraz jego twórczość naukową, egzegetyczno-teologiczną. Szczególną uwagę – zgodnie z tytułem artykułu – zwrócono na najsławniejsze jego dzieło, tj. Quatuor libri sententiarum, które było zakończeniem kilka wieków – od Boecjusza – trwającego modelu nauki jako gromadzenia i porządkowania wypowiedzi uznanych autorytetów, co było widoczne w rozwoju gatunków literatury naukowej, od zbiorów cytatów do uporządkowanych tematycznie ksiąg Sentencji, które z kolei przekształcą się w wielkie sumy. Nie dziwi więc fakt, że w dziele Piotra Lombarda odbija się poziom wiedzy patrystycznej wschodniej i zachodniej, a ze względu na jego charakter całościowy stało się ono podręcznikiem uniwersyteckich studiów filozoficzno-teologicznych prawie od chwili jego powstania do zakończenia soboru trydenckiego i to także jest wyjaśnieniem licznych komentarzy do Libri sententiarum Piotra Lombarda.

EN

Bishop Julian Wojtkowski, the retired assisting Bishop of Warmian Archidiocese, as well as the retired professor of Theology in the Department of Theology at Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, has bestowed on the admirers and historians of Philosophy and Medieval Theology and other aficionados, the Polish translation of the work by Peter Lombard, priceless for history and theology: Sententiae in IV libris distinctae – Four Books of Statements (Volume I – Olsztyn 2013, pp. 638; Volume II – Olsztyn 2015, pp. 695). It seems that this circumstance is a worthy reason to recall the person of Master Peter and his work, especially because his great work has not received as much attention as it should have. This article describes the life of Peter Lambert and his existential- theological scholarly work. Special attention – according to the title – is brought to the most famous of his works, that is Quatuor libri sententiarum, which marked the end of a few centuries, from Boecjusz – the existing model of the study of literature as the collection and organized statements of the recognized authorities which was visible in the development of this genre of scholarly literature, from the set of quotes to Books of Statements organized thematically which then would transform into a great sum. We are not surprised by the fact that in the work of Peter Lombard the level of Eastern and Western patristic knowledge is reflected, and due to its overall characteristic it has become the textbook for University Philosophical and Theological Studies from almost the beginning of its publication till the end of the Council of Trent, and that also explains the many commentaries to Libri sententiarum of Peter Lombard.

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La definizione di sacramento in pensiero di Pietro Lombardo

59%

Jeziorski S.

Tarnowskie Studia Teologiczne

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2017

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vol. 36

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issue 2

EN

The Sentences of Peter Lombard had a big influence on medieval theological thought. So, Lombard’s definition of the sacrament is not without meaning for theology. This article is an attempt to explain the concept that became a basis of systematisation of the seven sacrament of the Catholic Church. For this reason, the article begins with the historical-cultural context of Lombard’s ideas. On this landscape, the definition of a sacrament is examined, starting with literal analysis along with theological insights. The theological explanations contains a description of sign, causality, similarity and form of sacrament.

IT

Le Sentenze di Pietro Lombardo influirono molto sul pensiero teologico medievale. Di conseguenza non è priva del significato per la teologia la sua definizione del sacramento, la quale si trova nell’opera principale del autore. Presente articolo è un tentativo di descrivere quella definizione che diede una base per la sistematizzazione e la definizione del settenario dei sacramenti nella Chiesa cattolica. A tale scopo, prima è stato brevemente presentato il contesto storico-culturale del pensiero di Lombardo. Poi, su quello sfondo, è stata presentata la definizione del sacramento nelle Sentenze. Essa è stata sottomessa all’analisi grammatica e successivamente a quella teologica. E questa seconda contiene la descrizione del segno, casualità, somiglianza e forma del sacramento.

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Czy przedmiotem radości może być coś innego niż Bóg? Augustyn, Piotr Lombard, Bonawentura o "usus" i "fruitio"

59%

Płotka M.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2019

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vol. 55

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issue 3

5-32

EN

This article discusses the historical development of the concept of joy in medieval philosophy and theology. It focuses on the problem of the relation between “usus” and “fruitio”. The former concept (“use”) connotes the whole spectrum of possible attitudes of man in his relation to temporal goods. The use of temporal goods by man is an earthly, temporal, and secular experience. It can take a sinful form – sensual pleasures – or a religious form, in which case it becomes a foretaste of eternal happiness. The second concept (fruitio) means happiness, and it is the fulfillment of the sum total of all human desires. Fruitio only occurs after death, and it is an element of beatifica visio. Usus concerns changeable, temporal goods, while the only object of fruitio is God. This article is devoted to the question of whether the object of fruitio can be anything other than God, i.e. whether the temporal good can be the object of full joy, and if so, how. An answer to this question would require an analysis of a number of specific issues: what conditions (subjective, objective) would have to be met in order for the use of the temporal good to qualify for joy? How does the moral evaluation of the use of such goods proceed? What are the emotional components of usus? In other words, the central problem of this article is the concept of usus (the use of temporal goods) and the medieval interpretations of this concept as a connotating human experience of temporal (incomplete) joy caused by earthly goods. Mainly, the article concentrates on three authors: Augustine, Peter Lombard and Bonaventure, and presents three different theories of joy: joy as a possession of the desired object (Augustine), joy as longing for a desired object (Peter Lombard) and joy as distance to the desired object (Bonaventure). Lastly, the article argues that the development of the concept of joy in the period between 395 BC and the second half of the thirteenth century is the history of an ever greater appreciation of joy and the perception of its proper meaning in human life.

PL

Artykuł omawia historyczny rozwój koncepcji radości w filozofii i teologii średniowiecznej. Koncentruje się na trzech autorach: Augustynie, Piotrze Lombardzie i Bonawenturze, i przedstawia kolejne trzy teorie radości: radość jako posiadanie pożądanego przedmiotu (Augustyn), radość jako oczekiwanie na pożądany przedmiot (Piotr Lombard) oraz radość jako dystans w stosunku do pożądanego przedmiotu (Bonawentura). Wreszcie, artykuł argumentuje, że dzieje radości w okresie 395–druga połowa XIII wieku to dzieje coraz większego docenienia radości i dostrzeżenia jej właściwego znaczenia w życiu człowieka.

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QUATTUOR LIBRI SENTENTIARUM MAGISTRI PETRI LOMBARDI

La definizione di sacramento in pensiero di Pietro Lombardo

Czy przedmiotem radości może być coś innego niż Bóg? Augustyn, Piotr Lombard, Bonawentura o "usus" i "fruitio"