W artykule przeprowadzono refleksję teologiczną nad homiliami Benedykta XVI wygłoszonymi w uroczystość Zesłania Ducha Świętego. Głównymi źródłami, z których papież czerpie treść do przepowiadania, są Pismo Święte i liturgia, w mniejszym stopniu korzysta z nauczania ojców Kościoła, magisterium Kościoła i doświadczenia świętych. W omawianych homiliach ojca świętego można wyróżnić pięć zasadniczych tematów teologicznych. Są to: po pierwsze relacja Pięćdziesiątnicy chrześcijańskiej do Pięćdziesiątnicy żydowskiej; po drugie zesłanie Ducha Świętego na tle opowiadania o wieży Babel; po trzecie Duch Święty jako protagonista Kościoła, który jest Ciałem Chrystusa; po czwarte, Kościół jeden i wieloraki, istniejący we wspólnotach lokalnych, a zarazem jako Kościół powszechny; i po piąte, modlitwa, która – jeśli jest praktykowana w postawie pokory i z otwartością na Ducha Świętego – pozwala przekroczyć ludzką małość i wchodzić na wyżyny Chrystusa, będące prawdziwymi wyżynami człowieka.
EN
The article is a theological reflection on the homilies of Benedict XVI preached on the solemnity of Pentecost. The main sources from which the Pope derives the content to preach are the Holy Bible and the liturgy. To a lesser extent he uses the teaching of the Fathers of the Church, the magisterium of the Church and the experience of the saints. In the homilies of the Holy Father, we can distinguish five main theological themes. These are: first, the relation of the Christian Pentecost to the Jewish Pentecost; second, the descent of the Holy Spirit against the story of the Tower of Babel; thirdly, the Holy Spirit, the protagonist of the Church, who is the Body of the Christ; fourth, the one and multiple Church, existing in local communities and also as the universal Church; and fifth, a prayer that, if practiced in an attitude of humility and openness to the Holy Spirit, allows the faithful to surmount human littleness and enter the heights of Christ, which are the true heights of the man.
In the medieval liturgy, especially in the celebration of the Mass, allegorical interpretation of the texts and gestures played a very meaningful role. Among the most prominent representatives of the allegorical interpretation of the liturgy were: Isidore of Seville, Alcuin, Amalarius of Metz, Rabanus Maurus, Walafrid Strabo, Rupert of Deutz, John Beleth, Pope Innocent III, and William Durand. These ideas were laid out in treatises with the titles Expositiones Missae, Rationale Divinorum Officiorum, or Liber de Divinis Officiis. This study presents the allegorical interpretation of the paschal preparation period, from Septuagesima Sunday to Holy Saturday, and its associated liturgical rites.
The event of Pentecost, described by Saint Luke in the Acts of the Apostles, is an event constantly celebrated by the Church. In order to express the content of this mystery, the Church uses many biblical and liturgical texts. The analysis of these allows us to understand how the Church comprehends the event of Pentecost as expressed in the current liturgy. This article goes back to several texts of the Pentecost Vigil Mass and tries to construct, in their light, a liturgical reading of the biblical event described by St. Luke. John’s pericope about living water (Jn 7,37-39) is, first, briefly analysed as to its content and structure, and then it is read in the light of the alleluiatic verse, the collect, and the communion antiphon. Such an analysis allows us to capture several characteristics of the mystery of Pentecost celebrated in the current liturgy of the Church.
PL
Wydarzenie Pięćdziesiątnicy opisane przez św. Łukasza w Dziejach Apostolskich jest wydarzeniem, które Kościół nieustannie celebruje. Do wyrażenia treści tej tajemnicy w liturgii używa wielu tekstów biblijnych oraz liturgicznych. Ich analiza pozwala odczytać, jak dzisiaj w liturgii Kościół rozumie wydarzenie zesłania Ducha Świętego. Niniejszy artykuł sięga do kilku tekstów mszy wigilii Zesłania Ducha Świętego, aby w ich świetle podjąć liturgiczną lekturę wydarzenia biblijnego opisanego przez św. Łukasza. Janowa perykopa o wodzie żywej (J 7,37-39) zostanie najpierw krótko przeanalizowana pod kątem treści i struktury, po czym odczytana w świetle wersetu allelujatycznego, kolekty oraz antyfony komunijnej. Taka analiza pozwoli uchwycić kilka cech charakterystycznych misterium Pięćdziesiątnicy celebrowanego w aktualnej liturgii Kościoła.
Human time, no matter to what culture or religion a man belongs, is filled with celebrations that give rhythm to his life and help him capture the essence of his existence. Also Christianity over the centuries worked out various forms of specific celebration. The goal of this text is to look at the character of celebrate in the fourth and fifth centuries and to determine how the Christian writers wrote about the celebration. The first sources that author considered are two ancient texts of Socrates of Constantinople (Socrates Scholasticus) and Sozomen (Salminius Hermias Sozomenus) with the same names: Historia Ecclesiastica. In both works there are little chapters, in which appear the mention of the celebration, the majority of them is associated with Feast of the Passover and The First Council of Nicaea, others occur mainly on the margins of the narrative. This is because the history of the Church is here treated primarily as ‘political’ history, shaped by the decisions of great personages of the Church. The most important conclusion that emerges from these two texts is the observation that the differences in the way of celebration are not a source of division, but most of all divisions for doctrinal reasons manifest themselves in a separate celebration. The second source is The Travels of Egeria, also called The Pilgrimage of Aetheria (Itinerarium Egeriae), a letter describing the author’s travel to the holy places. In her report Egeria devotes much attention to the description of those involved in the celebration of subsequent festivals. The modern reader is struck by the generosity of crowds gathered in prayer and their vivid faith that motivates them to make long prayers going for hours. Celebration of Christians in the fourth and fifth centuries was an expression of a vivid faith. Their religion permeated life in all dimensions, and determined the essence of who they were. It was touching the inexpressible, the main aim was above all communion with Christ and the Church. Originally Christians celebrated entirely in the community of the Church, which gives a more or less clear framework to all that can be considered for celebration.
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