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EN
As regards the approach to political problems, John Paul II’s pontificate was different from previous pontificates. Nowadays, due to the media phenomenon of Pope Francis, one tends to forget about the shock, in the positive sense of the word, which was associated with the nomination of Karol Wojtyła to become the pope and his famous words: “Do not be afraid”. These words were as political as they could be. They were addressed mainly to Poland, but not only to that country. John Paul II calmly paved the way for the future unification of Europe. He used the means that were accessible to the Holy See and one of this decisions was to proclaim St. Cyril and St. Methodius as the patrons of Europe. The problem of the European Constitution was doubtlessly a painful area for John Paul II. The document lacked a reference to Christianity. The Polish Pope frequently and explicitly stated that European civilization grew from Christian roots. During the course of this pontificate John Paul II persistently struggled for respecting human rights and for freedom. As far as this area is concerned, Europe seems to pursue a different course than the one which John Paul II tried to define. In other words, Europe set out upon a course which was so much feared by John Paul II and this is the reason that since the very beginning the latter made appeals to establish the European continent in the domain of values. During his visit in 1991 he also warned the Polish people against revelling in their recently regained freedom. Despite his concerns about the course that Europe pursued, John Paul II never became discouraged by the “European project”. He always claimed that Poland belongs in Europe. And that is why, on the eve of Poland joining the European Union, that he addressed the following words directly to the Polish people: Poland needs Europe and Europe needs Poland; our involvement in European structures is a challenge. The Pope appreciated the concerns entertained by eurosceptics, but he emphasized the point that today Poland, which was always a part of Poland, may not divorce itself from this Community.
PL
Niniejsze opracowanie jest próbą identyfikacji i określenia współdziałania prawnych i ekonomicznych determinant innowacyjności polskiej gospodarki, a zatem konkurencyjności polskiego handlu na wspólnym rynku Unii Europejskiej, a szerzej rzecz ujmując – w zglobalizowanej gospodarce światowej. Na bazie dogłębnej analizy dynamiki zmian w poziomie konkurencyjności strukturalno-czynnikowej polskiego handlu na rynku UE (wskaźniki RCA oraz IIT w latach 2002–2012) autorzy systematyzują wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne determinanty innowacyjności na poziomie mikro- i makroekonomicznym oraz wskazują na istotę, znaczenie i obszary wyzwań stojących przed polską gospodarką w tym względzie. Obok aspektów polityczno-ekonomicznych (polityka ekonomiczna państwa w krótkim i długim okresie), opracowanie zawiera również wskazania co do uwarunkowań i pożądanych zmian w zakresie prawa krajowego, unijnego i międzynarodowego.
EN
This study is an attempt to identify and define the cooperation of legal and economic determinants of innovativeness of the Polish economy, and thus the competitiveness of Polish trade in the single market, the European Union and, more broadly speaking – in a globalized world economy. On the basis of thorough analysis of the dynamics of changes in the level of structural competitiveness of Polish trade on the EU market (RCA and IIT indicators in the period of 2002–2012), the authors systematize internal and external determinants of innovation at macro- and microeconomics level and point out the essence, signifi cance and areas of challenges facing the Polish economy in this regard. In addition to political and economic aspects (economic policy in the short and long term), the study also includes indications as to the conditions and desired changes in national, EU and international law.
PL
Unia Europejska jest największym ugrupowaniem integracyjnym w świecie, obejmuje 28 państw, z czego 19 posługuje się wspólną walutą – euro. UE jest ważnym rynkiem i aktorem na scenie międzynarodowej. Wyzwaniem dla ugrupowania jest kilka poważnych problemów, takich jak kryzys UGiW, Brexit, polaryzacja interesów, wybór między poszerzaniem i pogłębianiem. W artykule omawia się możliwe rozwiązania w każdej z wymienionych dziedzin, przedstawiając je w ramach pięciu scenariuszy dla Europy, które zostały zaprezentowane w Rzymie w 60. rocznicę ugrupowania. Scenariusze te przedstawia się na tle wniosków sformułowanych podczas szczytu G-7 w Taorminie dotyczących polityki pomocy, uchodźców z Afryki i konfl iktu syryjskiego. W zakończeniu pojawia się Polska ze swymi interesami w głównych kwestiach dyskutowanych w rozdziale i możliwościami ich realizacji.
EN
The European Union is the biggest integration grouping in the World, which embraces 28 states, 19 of which use common currency – euro. EU is an important market and international actor. The EU is challenged by a number of internal problems, such as crisis of EMU, Brexit, polarization of interests, choices between deepening or widening. The article discusses possible solutions in each area presenting them in the context of 5 scenario for Europe presented in Rome on the 60th anniversary of the grouping. The scenarios are shown on international background with G-7 summit conclusions in Taormina concerning aid policy, refugees from Africa and the Syrian confl ict. Finally it talks also about the Polish place and interests in the main matters, discussed in the article.
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